Fiji, a Pacific Island upper-middle-income economy, has a distinct transport-emissions profile, with this sector making a notable contribution to its overall carbon footprint. In 2024, transport activities emitted 712,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases (GHGs), constituting 26% of the nation's total emissions. Although transport emissions have markedly slowed—from 1.5% per year before 2015 to just 0.5% after the Paris Agreement—the sector remains vital to Fiji's decarbonization strategies. Road transport is the main source, making up 86% of transport emissions and 22% of the country's total GHG emissions. Domestic navigation and aviation each account for about 7%, driven by the geographic necessity of inter-island travel connectivity.
Transport and Climate Change
From a macroeconomic standpoint, Fiji has achieved notable decoupling of transport emissions from economic growth. The transport sector's carbon intensity decreased to 47.8 gCO2e per USD in 2024, down from 115.5 gCO2e in 2000. Although this is higher than the Asia-Pacific average of 29.0, it remains below the Pacific Islands subregional average of 56.6. Energy intensity also declined, reaching 0.79 megajoules per USD in 2022. Despite these improvements in efficiency, the sector still relies entirely on petroleum products, with biofuels and electricity making up 0% of energy use in 2022. This dependence on fossil fuels makes the economy vulnerable to international price fluctuations and creates social externalities, with contributions from road crashes (49%) and urban congestion (46%).
Fiji's geographical position renders its transport infrastructure exceptionally vulnerable to climate-induced disruptions. Since 2000, the country has faced 29 recorded natural disasters, with storms accounting for 72% of these events, affecting 1.5 million people and costing at least $1.3 billion USD. The estimated potential average annual losses to transport infrastructure stand at $4.7 million USD, with roads (50%) and ports (28%) bearing the brunt of the risk. Looking toward long-term climate scenarios, a 4.5-degree temperature increase would expose more than 80% of Fiji's road and rail assets to extreme precipitation. Furthermore, 5% of the population resides in low-elevation coastal zones threatened by sea-level rise, necessitating a shift toward climate-informed design standards and resilient asset management.
The motorization rate in Fiji has risen to 167 vehicles per thousand population, with light-duty vehicles (LDVs) accounting for 77% of road network users. Although the value of electric vehicle (EV) imports reached $6 million USD by 2024, they represent only 2% of total road vehicle imports. Fiji's E-mobility Readiness Index score of 62 highlights strengths in energy availability but indicates a need for more robust policy and financial instruments to accelerate the transition. A significant structural challenge lies in the fiscal landscape: fuel tax revenues currently comprise approximately 10% of total government revenue. As electrification progresses, the government faces a structural decline in this revenue stream, requiring a strategic redesign of domestic financing mechanisms and transport taxation.
Fiji's policy framework, articulated through 35 relevant documents including the Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) and the Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) 2018-2050, sets an ambitious target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.2 The NDC outlines a 30% reduction in CO2 emissions from the energy sector by 2030 compared to business-as-usual (BAU), with 10% of this goal being unconditional. Specific transport targets include a 40% reduction in domestic maritime shipping emissions and a 14% reduction in road transport emissions by 2035. Priority policy measures focus on maritime improvements, biofuel integration, and public transport enhancements. However, only 27% of current measures incorporate climate adaptation or resilience components, suggesting that, while mitigation strategies are well advanced, integrating resilience into transport planning remains a critical area for future policy alignment.
Fiji's "Avoid" strategies aim to decrease reliance on motorized travel by promoting integrated land-use planning and improving digital connectivity. The Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy stresses linking main port and airport planning with urban growth to enhance mobility. Additionally, the 5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan recommend implementing better transport management systems and considering peak-period public transport zoning to ease urban congestion. In aviation, Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation advocates digitizing flight manuals and magazines to lower aircraft weight and fuel consumption. These efforts align with the National Climate Change Policy 2018 - 2030, which supports investing in urban green spaces to enhance pedestrian experiences and curb the growth of private land transport sector.
The "Shift" pillar focuses on moving passengers and freight away from high-carbon private vehicles toward more sustainable public and non-motorized transportation. Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0) emphasizes encouraging a switch in transport modes by making public transport more attractive and investing in infrastructure for bicycles and e-bikes. The NDC Investment Plan supports this with major initiatives like the LifeCycle Initiative, which finances the import of up to 10,000 standard and e-bikes, and efforts to create urban car-free zones. For maritime transport, the Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050 aims to transition toward zero-carbon passenger ferries and promote traditional sailing canoes, reducing dependence on fossil-fuel-powered outboard motors. Additionally, the 5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan plans to expand rapid transit options, including feasibility studies for rail transport in selected areas regions.
"Improve" strategies focus on enhancing vehicle technical efficiency and promoting cleaner energy sources. A key goal is the widespread electrification of the national fleet; the Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050 aims for 100% electric vehicle (EV) adoption across all sectors by 2040 under its most ambitious scenario. This effort is supported by the National Development Plan 2025-2029, which encourages electric bus pilot projects and boosts investments in charging infrastructure. Besides electrification, the Fiji National Energy Policy 2013-2020 advocates for biofuel use, including a 10% ethanol petrol blend (E10) and 5% biodiesel (B5). Additionally, the Fiji State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation outlines plans to acquire fuel-efficient, new-generation aircraft and integrate sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to reach a 10% SAF blend by 2030. To maximize these efforts, the NDC Investment Plan recommends strict age limits and Euro-5/6 emissions standards for imported vehicles, along with national vehicle scrappage schemes to phase out inefficient legacy fleets.
Representation of Transport in Key Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
To reduce 36% of the BAU CO2e emissions from the energy sector by 2035, as an absolute value target. Of this 36% reduction, 12% will be achieved “unconditionally” using available resources in the country.
The overall mitigation target in the NDC is to reduce CO2 emissions by 30% from a Business as Usual (BAU) baseline scenario in 2030 in comparison to baseline year – 2013
2030
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
30% of BAU CO2 emissions from the energy sector by 2030. Absolute reduction as compared to reference year emissions. Of the 30% reduction of BAU baseline CO2 emissions, 10% will be achieved “unconditionally” using available resources in the country and 20% achieved “conditionally”.
2030
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
The overall mitigation target in the NDC is to reduce CO2 emissions by 30% from a BAU (Business As Usual) baseline scenario in 2030, by striving to reach 100% renewable energy power generation and through economy-wide energy efficiency. The total estimated annual CO2 mitigation achieved by the identified mitigation actions included in the Roadmap amounts to 627,000 tCO2/yr against the BAU baseline in 2030.
In addition an indicative reduction of 10% CO2 emissions for energy efficiency improvements economy wide will be sought. These measures will reduce CO2 emissions in the energy sector by around 30% from BAU by 2030. From the 30% emission reduction target, 10% will be achieved through the implementation of the Green Growth Framework, utilizing resources available in country (unconditional) whereas the remaining target can only be met with the availability of external funding amounting to US$500 million (conditional).
2030
Managing transport GHG emission
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
To reduce energy sector emissions by 7% vs. BAU emissions by 2035 through the reduction of 14% of road transport sector's BAU emissions. To reduce energy sector emissions by 6% vs. BAU emissions by 2035 through the reduction of 40% of domestic maritime transport sector's BAU emissions. To reduce energy sector emissions by circa 0.1% vs. BAU emissions by 2035 through the reduction of 10% of domestic aviation sector's BAU emissions.
2035
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
2050
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Fiji government has set a transport decarbonisation target of 40% by 2030.
With the aim of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing GHG emissions, Fiji has committed to developing a 100% carbon-free shipping sector by 2050, reducing emissions by 40% by the year 2030
With the aim of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing GHG emissions, Fiji has committed to developing a 100% carbon-free shipping sector by 2050, reducing emissions by 40% by the year 2030
2050
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
As a contribution to Target 1, to reduce domestic maritime shipping emissions by 40%.
2030
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Transport (137,000 tCO2/yr; US$ 1.149 billion)
2030
Net zero, carbon neutrality
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
To achieve net zero annual emissions by 2050.
2050
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
2050
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
a commitment to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050
2050
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
Fiji intends to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all economic sectors of including domestic and regional shipping
2050
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
As the central goal of this LEDS, Fiji aims to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across all sectors of its economy through pathways defined in this LEDS.
2050
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
Aircraft fleet renovation
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
The Very High Ambition scenario will see introduction of electric planes by 2040 with 20% of all passenger activity to be serviced by electric planes 2050.
2040
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
The Very High Ambition scenario will see introduction of electric planes by 2040 with 20% of all passenger activity to be serviced by electric planes 2050.
2050
Alternative fuels - General
A Green Growth Framework for Fiji: Restoring the Balance in Development that is Sustainable for Our Future
2014
Reduce Fiji's dependence on imported fossil fuel for transportation which is using around 42% (2010) of final energy consumption, to around 32% by 2020 and 22% by 2030.
2030
Aviation fuels - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
This would require the introduction of biojet fuel around year 2030, with incremental increase of 20% of passenger activity to be serviced by biojet fuelled planes by 2040 and further increases to 40% by 2050.
2030
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
This would require the introduction of biojet fuel around year 2030, with incremental increase of 20% of passenger activity to be serviced by biojet fuelled planes by 2040 and further increases to 40% by 2050.
2040
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
This would require the introduction of biojet fuel around year 2030, with incremental increase of 20% of passenger activity to be serviced by biojet fuelled planes by 2040 and further increases to 40% by 2050.
2050
Ban of ICE sales
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Promoting More Efficient Trucks. To achieve zero emissions in the transport sector in the Very High Ambition Scenario, this LEDS envisions a maximum lifetime of vehicles of 20 years. All vehicles after 2030 would need to be replaced with electric units after reaching 20 years.
2030
Biofuels
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
B5 Fuel (5% Biofuel in Diesel)
2025
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Percentage of biofuel consumption in total liquid fuel supply = 2.37%
2030
EV - General
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Electric Vehicle Network Development: This mitigation action is expected to include the import of up to 16,000 EVs and charging stations in Fiji.
2030
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
2025-2040 BAU Unconditional: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – taxis (50%), buses (90%), cars (20%), urban trucks (40%) BAU Conditional: Adoption electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars, and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (40%) High ambition: . Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (70%) Very high ambition: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – All vehicles 100% electric
2040
EV charging infrastructure
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Electric Vehicle Network Development: This mitigation action is expected to include the import of up to 16,000 EVs and charging stations in Fiji.
2030
Managing transport energy consumption
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
As a contribution to Target 1, to reduce energy sector CO2 emissions by 10% through energy efficiency improvements economy-wide, implicitly in the transport, industry, and electricity demand-side subsectors.
2030
Renewable energy
Fiji - Voluntary National Reviews 2023
2023
This initiative aligns with Fiji's goal of generating 100% of its electric power from renewable energy sources by 2036, and the increased uptake of EVs plays a crucial role in the country's low-emissions development strategy.
2036
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
The government is striving to reach 100% renewable energy power generation, including through economy-wide energy efficiency. The current share of renewable electricity generation hovers around 45-60%.
2030
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
As a contribution to Target 1, to reach close to 100% renewable energy power generation (gridconnected) by 2030, thus reducing an expected 20% of energy sector CO2 emissions under a BAU scenario.
2030
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
These mitigation actions include the increase in renewable energy electricity generation striving to meet the potential of 100% renewable energy electricity generation across Fiji by the end of 2030
The target is for the renewable energy share in electricity generation to approach 100% by 2030 from around 60% in 2013.
2030
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Fiji Airways plans to grow
this annually towards its target of 10% SAF by 2030.
2030
Vehicle efficiency standards
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Percentage of fuel efficient vehicles as a % of total vehicles on the road = 15%
2030
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Access restriction by corridor/ road
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Traffic Congestion Reduction Measure: Inclusive of urban car free zones, responsive traffic signalling, clearways, lane reversals, street addressing standardisation, congestion pricing, office relocations, and staggered public service office hours, the opportunities for reducing the congestion borne by commuters in the Greater Suva Area (GSA) are numerous, with varying levels of investment cost and efficacy
x
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
LTA to look into whether there is a need to restrict heavy goods vehicle movement in the inner city areas.
x
x
Accreditation of transport agencies and centres
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Code of practice for driving instructors.
x
Active mobility - General
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
» Promoting a transport mode change, increasing the appeal of public transport, and promoting bicycle and e-bike use through initiatives and the development of adequate infrastructure.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Promote the use of public transport and investment in convenient, safe, and connected walking and cycling infrastructure.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
bike lanes, and safe/green road spaces to encourage non-motorised transport)
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Investments in urban green spaces improve pedestrian experiences and infrastructure required to support nonmotorised transport, reducing the growth of the private land transport sector.
x
Active transport infrastructure expansion and improvement
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Construction of bus shelters in urban and peri-urban areas, construction of footpaths and streetlights in densely populated areass
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Exploring opportunities on cycling lanes in major urban areas. Promoting cycling and establishment of cycle paths in urban areas, as well as public and private sector participation in cycle to work schemes.
x
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Promote cycling and establishment of cycle-paths in urban areas, for example through employers‟ participation in cycle-to-work and public transport schemes.
x
x
Aircraft fleet renovation
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Renewing the fleet, phasing out older, less efficient aircraft and replacing them with new-generation models featuring more fuel-efficient engines, directly reducing fuel consumption per passenger kilometre.
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Purchase fuel-efficient aircrafts.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
AIRCRAFT RE-FLEETING PROGRAMME: mainstreaming zeroemission technology in addition to the expected energy-efficiency gains realized with iterative improvements upon previous aircraft designs and componentry
x
Airport infrastructure improvement
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Nausori Airport runway length extended to enable use as a technical alternate for Fiji Airways' aircraft in the event of bad weather, as opposed to holding or diverting to an overseas port.
x
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Nausori Radar installed in 1994 needs to be upgraded to current technology. Runway surface Ugrade. Extension to existing lounge 1500m2 design is complete. New domestic terminal. Increased baggage handling capacity. New airside walkways as per Nadi Airport Masterplan. Terminal expansion.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Airport & Airfield infrastructure upgrade: Under the National Development Plan, MOE has identified a number of recommended improvements to infrastructure supporting the aviation sub-sector.
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Review and upgrade airport and airstrip infrastructure so that it is climate- and disasterresilient as well as meeting international standards.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Continue with the upgrading and maintenance of rural airstrips. Complete upgrade and modernisation of Nadi International Airport. Upgrade current terminal to include transit lounges and other services. Construct Terminal 2 and additional flight gates. Upgrade current runways
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Continued improvements in airport infrastructure and facilities, including capacity extension at Nausori to accommodate 737-800, widening at Savusavu, and upgrading at Rotuma to facilitate as port of entry. Improved runway capacity to meet additional cargo requirements.
x
Alternative fuels - General
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Alternative fuels in Land and Maritime Transport Sail-powered Passenger/Cargo Ship demonstration trial
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Integration Initiative
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Promote measures to reduce fossil fuel consumption, including in the transport sector, and encourage alternative fuels for the transport sector. Introduce alternative fuel powered vehicles.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Introduce alternative fuel powered vehicles.
x
Aviation electrification
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
This to be complemented with energy efficiency measures, such as improving load factor and changing landing type Off-Grid Airports. All off-grid airports are 100% powered by solar PV Gate Power. All aircraft at off-grid airports rely on dedicated solar PV systems for auxiliary power while at gate (replacing diesel generators)
x
Aviation emission standards
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Renewing the fleet, phasing out older, less efficient aircraft and replacing them with new-generation models featuring more fuel-efficient engines, directly reducing fuel consumption per passenger kilometre.
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Purchase fuel-efficient aircrafts.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Support voluntary actions of businesses, industry and private users, including the aviation industry and commercial land transport, to implement energy efficiency measures.
x
Aviation fuels - General
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Renewing the fleet, phasing out older, less efficient aircraft and replacing them with new-generation models featuring more fuel-efficient engines, directly reducing fuel consumption per passenger kilometre.
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
The aviation industry has adopted the goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions by
2050. Fiji Airways is committed to achieving this goal and, in furtherance thereof, has
established a fuel management program to lower jet fuel usage and reduce carbon
emissions. These efforts are reinforced through review and implementation of policy
changes, acquisition of new generation fuel-efficient aircraft, and a fuel monitoring
system.
x
Aviation improvements - General
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Acquisition of electric Ground Power Units (GPU) Fiji Airways possess two electric GPUs and is in the process of purchasing two additional electric GPUs. Electric GPUs replace the need to use the aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) when aircraft is on the ground. The analysis from the Sky Breathe software and historical data has indicated a significant reduction of the volume of portable water carried in-flight from 25% (medium haul flights) to 50% (long haul flights). The replacement of legacy movement area lights with LED lights at Nadi Airport by 2025.
x
Aviation traffic management
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Ban of ICE sales
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Carbon-intensive modes of transport are disincentivised and phased-out
x
Battery life cycle management
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Develop Battery Recycling Programme.
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Design and implement a recycling and disposal policy for batteries of hybrid vehicles in place.
x
Biofuels
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Transitioning vessels from conventional diesel fuel to low-carbon fuels like biofuels
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Explore viable options for the introduction of hydrogen fuel and biofuel.
x
x
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Biofuels
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Further mitigation actions include the import and use of biodiesel (37 ktCO2/yr)
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Increasing development and use of biofuels for the land transport industry.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Cabinet in 2011 approved biofuels standards for a 10% ethanol/petrol blend (E10) and 5% biodiesel/conventional diesel blend (B5). (Green Growth Framework for Fiji 2014)
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels, including biofuels, solar and sail-assisted sea transport and efficient motors, vessel design, and improved maintenance models to improve the overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in sea transport within Fiji.
x
Budget/ identification of active mobility projects
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Bicycle/E-Bike Financing Initiative (LifeCycle Initiative): Provide capital to encourage import and use of up to 10,000 standard and e-bikes between 2022 and 2030 through both lending and direct purchase mechanisms.
x
Budget/ identification of transport asset management projects
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Improved Maintenance for Sea Vessels (2021-2030): US$ 4-8 million
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Improve vehicle operating costs by investing in more maintenance.
x
Bus fleet renewal
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Replacing old buses and minibuses with new Euro VI or hybrid models.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Vehicle Replacement Program for Lorries and Buses
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
The mitigation actions under Transport include vehicle replacement programmes for buses, taxis, private cars, lorries and minibuses, which are expected to have the largest contribution for CO2mitigation (95 ktCO2/yr) in the sub-sector.
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Duty concessions are currently available for all buses with Euro4 and Euro3 engines and for LPG taxis. To improve quality and safety of public service transport, the fiscal duty on new buses for the transport of 23 persons or more was reduced from 32% to 5% and import excise was reduced from 15%to 5%. All bus proprietors were encouraged to take advantage of this reduction as soon as possible in order to reduce fuel consumption in public transport.
x
Bus rapid transit (BRT) system improvement
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Adopting better transport management systems through bus rapid transit (BRT)
x
Bus route and service improvement
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Construction of bus shelters in urban and peri-urban areas, construction of footpaths and streetlights in densely populated areass
x
x
Capacity building - General
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Building capacity in waterways and watershed management
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Promote institutional strengthening and capacity building for an integrated transport strategic planning framework, which identifies co-benefits with the Low Emission Development Strategy.
x
x
x
x
Climate-informed design standards
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Strengthen and upgrade existing ports so that they are climate- and disaster-resilient, as well as meet international standards. Renew, upgrade, and strengthen road infrastructure including bridges ensuring that current and future environmental and climate risks are incorporated into their design Develop certification standards for climate proofing transport infrastructure and establishing enforcement measures to ensure compliance Review and upgrade airport and airstrip infrastructure so that it is climate- and disasterresilient as well as meeting international standards.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Developing certification standards for climate proofing infrastructure. Establishing enforcement measures to ensure that new infrastructure meets climate proof and environmental protection standards.
x
Data collection and repositories - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Maritime Data Collection and Analysis. Domestic maritime data collection, storage, and analysis
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
LTA to improve data collection, analysis and sharing of data with relevant stakeholders. Establishing accreditation of vehicle repairers and service agencies and tyres to guard against counterfeiting
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Update registry and improved database & archival records
x
x
x
x
Data modelling
National Inventory Report of Fiji
2023
Assess the possibilities to improve transport statistics by enhancing the scope of the data and/or implementing new surveys for obtaining information.
x
x
x
x
Development of EV plan/policy
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
National Electric mobility strategy. Development of a national electric mobility strategy for cars, taxis, buses and trucks, including hybrid electric and electric vehicles
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Additional potential actions to contribute to mitigation and transformational change in the transport sub-sector include: urban and public transport planning, long-term electric transportation strategy, behavioural change, and alternative propulsion systems in maritime transport.
x
x
Development of active mobility plan/ policy
NDC Investment Plan
2022
• New policy (or regulation) for determining the application of safe non-motorised transport infrastructure when implementing new or upgrading roads, commercial and public spaces.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
NMT plans have already been drafted in Fiji
x
Development of biofuel plan/policy
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Biofuels. Development of a national biofuel strategy and promotion of biofuels including measures such as subsidies or tax exemption as required. These measures would support a bioethanol blend for petrol and biodiesel blend for diesel.
x
Development of climate change/ low carbon plan/ policy
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Fiji is committed to developing and implementing the following additional plans, strategies, and policies over the 2025 2035 period to support and enable the achievement of Fiji's NDC3.0 targets: » Energy Master Plan. »National Transport Decarbonization Implementation Strategy. » Low-Carbon Maritime Transport Roadmap.
x
x
x
Climate Change Act 2021
2021
The Minister must, in consultation with the Minister responsible for transport, develop and implement a detailed Transport Decarbonisation Implementation Strategy within 2 years from the commencement of this section, that builds upon the LEDS to decarbonise the transport sector by 2050
x
x
x
x
High Ambition Coalition COP 26 Leaders' Statement
2021
Support ambitious policies to reduce emissions in transport sectors, including to take more ambitious climate action in shipping and aviation.
Development of public transport plan/ policy
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Additional potential actions to contribute to mitigation and transformational change in the transport sub-sector include: urban and public transport planning, long-term electric transportation strategy, behavioural change, and alternative propulsion systems in maritime transport.
x
x
Development of shipping/ maritime/ inland water transport (IWT) plan/ policy
NDC Investment Plan
2022
NATIONAL MARITIME ACTION PLAN • Co-ordinated plan for decarbonizing maritime transport drawing together actions that can be taken to reduce emissions by domestic vessels and visiting international ships, combining both mandatory and voluntary actions • Fits with agenda of IMO and regional initiatives such as PBSP therefore increases potential for funding through IMO and related bilateral and multilateral partners
x
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Harmonize policy and legislation pertaining to waterways management
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Formulate Ports Master Plan and implement its recommendations
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Introduction of effective measures to reduce the number of mishaps at sea through enabling legal frameworks.
x
Development of transport asset management plan/policy
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Undertake a condition inspection of Fiji Roads Authority assets with a view to establish a comprehensive plan to address any issues uncovered relating to serviceability and climate and disaster resilience.
x
Fiji Roads Authority OPERATIONS MANUAL
2015
The FRA must maintain a Ten-Year Asset Management Plan (AMP) (3 years in detail, 7 years in outline form), which is updated annually in May.
x
Development of transport plan/ policy
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Fiji will also aim to develop integrated low carbon mobility plans that include PT, last mile connectivity, and NMT to attract international climate financing. National Action Plan for decarbonisation of maritime transport. Design of a long-term National Action Plan for decarbonisation of the maritime transport sector in Fiji to 2050.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
LTA to explore and implement Integrated Transport Planning Framework under the three pillars of sustainable development.
x
x
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Traffic management plans for urban areas with a road safety focus.
x
x
Disaster notification/ early warning system
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
Develop simplified and standardised early warning and monitoring systems, and prioritise naturebased solutions to mitigate the impact of flooding and cyclones.
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
Surveillance protocols, vessel monitoring system (VMS) and other pilotage and earlywarning systems to control hazards in the sea considering the multiple threats in the ocean environment are coordinated and resourced.
Some progress has already been made towards building resilience Government has commenced with the conducting of Vulnerability and Adaptation assessments for the whole of Fiji, invested in improving early warning systems, dredging of river mouths, construction of inland retention dams and the construction of cyclone proof homes in the most affected areas.
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Develop a network of land and sea-based automatic weather stations to advise the transport infrastructure agencies on rainfall intensity/duration monitoring and projections
EV - General
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
For road transport, requirements are Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, EV repair technologies, and grid modernization systems. Increasing the share of private electric vehicles.
x
Fiji - Voluntary National Reviews 2023
2023
By adopting solar panels, battery backup capacity, electric vehicle chargers, and using an electric vehicle, FCOSS aims to shift from diesel-based energy to clean and green energy sources.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Low-carbon vehicles including hybrids, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs)
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Exploring and investing in low carbon vehicles like electric cars and hybrid vehicles.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Explore the potential for introduction of hybrid and electric vehicles.
x
EV charging infrastructure
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
For road transport, requirements are Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, EV repair technologies, and grid modernization systems. Expanding the national network of electric vehicle charging stations
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Accelerate investments in electric vehicle charging infrastructure through public and development partner finance.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Establishment of a distributed charging network
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Explore the viability of developing electric vehicle charging infrastructure
x
EV in freight
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Increasing the share of electric cargo vehicles where applicable.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
2025-2040 BAU Unconditional: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – taxis (50%), buses (90%), cars (20%), urban trucks (40%) BAU Conditional: Adoption electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars, and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (40%) High ambition: . Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (70%) Very high ambition: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – All vehicles 100% electric
x
x
EV in public transport
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Electrifying public bus fleets and government vehicles.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Support the Electric Bus Pilot Project on selected routes for demonstration of proof of concept.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
2025-2040 BAU Unconditional: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – taxis (50%), buses (90%), cars (20%), urban trucks (40%) BAU Conditional: Adoption electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars, and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (40%) High ambition: . Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – Taxis, buses, cars and urban trucks (100%); large trucks (70%) Very high ambition: Adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) – All vehicles 100% electric
x
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Explore the use of green vehicles for PSVs and commercial vehicles
x
EV in water transport
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Piloting fully electric ferries for short-distance routes.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Outboard Motor Transition - switching to 4-stroke petrol and electric outboards, and revitalising sailing canoes
x
x
EV pilot projects
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Piloting fully electric ferries for short-distance routes.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Support the Electric Bus Pilot Project on selected routes for demonstration of proof of concept.
x
Ecodriving
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Fuel Efficiency in Trucks. Efficiency improvement of trucks by using deflectors and replacement of tyres and development of eco-driving training centres with truck simulators
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Promote the fuel efficiency of the existing motor vehicle fleet, including promoting fuel efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training, and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axle weight standards.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
promoting fuel-efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axel weight standards
x
Economic instruments - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Fiji will consider ways that PT systems can recover investments with user charges and by collecting part of the windfall profit from increased land prices around core routes through taxation e.g., through parking fees and property taxes.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Consider provision of incentives for rural transport operators; for example in the form of tax rebates, concessions, and operators given licence to operate on an economical route to service an uneconomical route.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Develop a user pay concept for all possible income generating capacity for the service provided and to review the current charges on services rendered. General financial concessions by way of tax and duty reductions and rebates will be phased out in favour of more direct targeted assistance.
x
Education and behavior change - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Improve driver education, licensing, testing and enforcement Extend road safety education to all levels of education through teacher training courses and materials, police and LTA educational visits to schools, discounted driving courses for older children and the continuation of practical safety measures in school zones Encourage education and training for aviation professionals and transport economists, and other professionals by providing tertiary education scholarships and access to the Tertiary Education Loans Scheme (TELS).
x
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Additional potential actions to contribute to mitigation and transformational change in the transport sub-sector include: urban and public transport planning, long-term electric transportation strategy, behavioural change, and alternative propulsion systems in maritime transport. Provide training to key stakeholders (including scrappage facilities, car dealers, etc.).
x
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
promoting fuel-efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axel weight standards
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Introduction of effective methods to reduce number of accidents and incidents at sea through education including enabling legal framework
x
Education curriculum sensitizing about transport subsector
NDC Investment Plan
2022
AVIATION OPERATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMME: Providing additional training to the FAL and ATS staff, as well as private sector operators
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Improve driver education, licensing, testing and enforcement Extend road safety education to all levels of education through teacher training courses and materials, police and LTA educational visits to schools, discounted driving courses for older children and the continuation of practical safety measures in school zones Encourage education and training for aviation professionals and transport economists, and other professionals by providing tertiary education scholarships and access to the Tertiary Education Loans Scheme (TELS).
x
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Facilitate the training program for the apprenticeship scheme for the 20 intakes for 2009 and ongoing apprentices.
x
Emissions trading and carbon pricing
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Employment in transport, communication, and storage
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Review the seafarer's minimum wage rate under the Maritime Labour Convention 2014
x
Energy efficient vehicle incentives excl. EVs
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Provide incentives to encourage replacement of aged vehicles and vessel fleet.
x
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
incentives for hybrid vehicles would be put in place when hybrid lorries and buses are readily available
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Public-private partnerships and incentives scale-up access to affordable low to zero carbon transport products and markets
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Consider concessions and other incentives to be provided to private sector for purchase of new ships
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
providing incentives for importation on new vehicles with better and more fuel efficient engine technologies
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
enforce age limits for second hand vehicles and provide import tax incentives
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Promote the use of fuel efficient vehicles
x
Excavation/dredging
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
River Mouth Channel deeping and improvement works. Maintenance Dredging of the Port of Suva berth and navigational channel. Some progress has already been made towards building resilience Government has commenced with the conducting of Vulnerability and Adaptation assessments for the whole of Fiji, invested in improving early warning systems, dredging of river mouths, construction of inland retention dams and the construction of cyclone proof homes in the most affected areas.
x
x
Fleet-specific improvement for freight
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Vehicle Replacement Program for Lorries and Buses
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Explore the use of green vehicles for PSVs and commercial vehicles
x
Fossil fuel subsidy rationalization
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Initiate the removal of fossil fuel subsidies.
High Ambition Coalition COP 26 Leaders' Statement
2021
Halt inefficient fossil fuel subsidies as soon as possible.
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Review Government subsidies on transport.
x
x
x
x
Freight and logistics improvements - General
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
A wider Fiji Logistics Association will be established for freight interests, transport operators and Government dialogue.
x
Green aviation program
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Improving domestic air traffic management and related infrastructure, allowing for more precise, direct flight paths, reducing flight distances and unnecessary fuel burn during take-off, climb, descent, and landing phases.
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Onboard portable water uplift reduction The volume of water carried in-flight has been reduced for a lower fuel burn and reduced carbon emission. Digitisation of flight manuals and magazines Fiji Airways has introduced digital versions of manuals and in-flight magazines which contributes to lower fuel burn and reduced carbon emissions. Replacement of all AFFF Foam with environmentally friendly Fluro-free Foam (FFF) by 2025. Implementation of full waste management recycling system from 2025.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Consider re-fleeting domestic aircrafts with more efficient aircrafts. Purchase fuel-efficient aircrafts.
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Engagement with international market-based mechanisms including the International Civil Aviation Organisation's (ICAO) Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) is used to leverage further support for sector-based low carbon transport transitions
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Support voluntary actions of businesses, industry and private users, including the aviation industry and commercial land transport, to implement energy efficiency measures.
x
Green shipping program
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
For domestic maritime transport, needs include efficient engine replacements and technologies for sail-powered cargo ships and zero-carbon passenger ferries.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Re-fleet Government vessels to be energy efficient
x
Clydebank Declaration for Green Shipping Corridors
2021
- Facilitate the establishment of partnerships, with participation from ports, operators and others along the value chain, to accelerate the decarbonisation of the shipping sector and its fuel supply through green shipping corridor projects - Identify and explore actions to address barriers to the formation of green corridors. This could cover, for example, regulatory frameworks, incentives, information sharing or infrastructure - Consider the inclusion of provisions for green corridors in the development or review of National Action Plans - Work to ensure that wider consideration is taken for environmental impacts and sustainability when pursuing green shipping corridors.
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
The development and access to affordable low carbon marine transport solutions Low-carbon maritime transport options and shipping efficiency improvements are used to improve the costeffectiveness of shipping routes, increasing inter-island connectivity (both frequency and introduction of new routes) in keeping with NDP objectives Increased engagement with the International Maritime Organisation improves access to networks and mechanisms that support low carbon shipping transitions
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Among the key national policies is the Maritime and Land Transport Policy (2015), which promotes improved efficiency at ports, the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment and engines able to operate on biofuels, operation and maintenance of transport equipment in a manner that minimises consumption and CO2 emissions, and the development and introduction of low carbon propulsion alternatives and hull designs. use of government vessels as demonstration models, coupled with financing modality packages to prompt private sector uptake of successful trials (costing between USD 10-100 million) and incentivising key market sectors to lead in the transition (such as the maritime tourism sector) In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing. Review of Shipping Franchise and Sea Route licensing in favour of low/zero carbon vessels and operational efficiencies
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Incorporating incentives for trialing and adoption of low carbon technologies for domestic shipping in relevant strategies, policies and plans. The priorities for maritime transport are to investigate energy efficiency and renewable energy substitution, including biofuels and solar/wind assisted propulsion. (Fiji National Energy Policy 2013-2020)
x
Maritime Transport Act
2013
For the purpose of this Decree, no harmful substances shall be discharged or allowed to escape — (a) from any ship, offshore installation, or pipeline— (i) into the sea within the exclusive economic zone of Fiji; or (ii) onto or into the seabed below that sea; (b) from any ship or offshore installation involved with the exploration or exploitation of the sea or the seabed, or any pipeline— (i) into the sea beyond the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of Fiji but over the continental shelf of Fiji ; or (ii) onto or into the seabed below that sea; (c) from any registered ship in Fiji— (i) into the sea beyond the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone of Fiji; or (ii) onto or into the seabed below that sea; and (d) as a result of any marine operations— (i) into the sea within the exclusive economic zone of Fiji or beyond the outer limits of that exclusive economic zone but over the continental shelf of Fiji; or (ii) onto or into the seabed below that sea.
x
Hydrogen
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Explore viable options for the introduction of hydrogen fuel and biofuel.
x
x
x
Improving aviation load factor
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
improving load factor
x
Incentives for EVs and components
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Incentivizing the shift of taxis and private cars to hybrid/electric vehicles through scrappage schemes
x
Fiji - Voluntary National Reviews 2023
2023
To facilitate the transition of the transportation sector away from polluting fossil fuels, the Fiji Government is providing subsidies to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by customers. In the 2022-23 National Budget, the Government announced an allocation of FJD 1.0 million for a new initiative that offers potential EV purchasers a cash grant of up to FJD 10,000.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Promoting Adoption of HEVs and EVs. Promotion of HEVs and EVs will require overcoming their higher costs to consumers and businesses.
x
Infrastructure improvements - General
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
To develop the current trade centre into a Township which includes infrastructure development
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Continue investment in the construction, maintenance and upgrading of the national transport network supported by enabling legislation and regulation enforced. Ensure access to all forms of transport.
x
Inland waterways (IWT) improvement - General
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Construction of Retaining Wall at Government Wharf. Phase 1 will be the construction of a 107m retaining wall beside the main wharehouse. Retaining walls are often found in places where extra support is needed to prevent the earth from moving downhill with erosion. The most basic function of a retaining wall is to battle gravity; the lateral force of the slope must be offset in the retaining wall's design. River Bank Erosion along Rewa River at Nakailei village that is threat to household staying at the River bank. Boulder Revetment Works. Rehabilitate the existing wharf structures in order to extend its lifespan. Modernize, improve and expand the capacity of the Muaiwalu 2 Wharf waiting area into a terminal for passengers, public users and interisland vessel operators.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Zero Carbon Passenger Ferry Trials: This project involves the government providing the enabling environment to incentivise private sector supported by grants/concessional loans to trial zero-carbon ferries in Suva (focused on commuters) and Nadi Waters (focused on tourism) initially.
x
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Develop and upgrade seaways and main rivers
x
Investment volume for transport
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Continue with high levels of investment to reduce the backlog in the upgrading, replacement and maintenance of roads, bridges and jetty networks.
x
x
Involvement of subnational government for transport activities
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Encourage town planning and work with local councils to encourage consideration of energy aspects, so that people and freight can move about more easily and efficiently. Also work in rural areas to promote energy efficient transport strategies
x
x
x
x
x
LPG/ CNG/ LNG
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) vehicles
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Diversifying the current energy mix through the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the industrial, land transport and domestic sectors.
x
A Green Growth Framework for Fiji: Restoring the Balance in Development that is Sustainable for Our Future
2014
Diversify the current energy mix through the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the industrial, land transport and domestic sectors.
x
x
x
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Duty concessions are currently available for all buses with Euro4 and Euro3 engines and for LPG taxis
x
Land use - General
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Develop a public transport network designed to accommodate land use and mobility patterns of the travelling public.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Main port and airport planning to be better integrated with urban development and land transport planning.
x
x
Managing transport GHG emission
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
Reducing GHG emissions from marine transport.
x
Maritime Safety
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
the safe use of shipping sea lanes and permitted marine activities, as well as non-traditional maritime security issues related to myriad threats including extreme events and transnational crime.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji (MSAF) incorporate stringent safety and security measures. Ensure a high level of safety and security in sea transport. (Fiji National Energy Policy 2013-2020)
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Provide economical, safe, adequate and efficient facilities for the transport of goods and people to facilitate trade, transshipment and other related functions.
x
Mobility-as-a-service (MAAS)
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Bus Network Information Transport System (ITS)
x
Modal shift
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
» Promoting a transport mode change, increasing the appeal of public transport, and promoting bicycle and e-bike use through initiatives and the development of adequate infrastructure.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Public transport expansion Mode Shift. New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT.
x
National speed law
Land Transport Act 1998 - FJI
1998
A person commits the offence of dangerous driving occasioning grievous bodily harm if the vehicle driven by the person is involved in an impact occasioning grievous bodily harm to another person and the driver was, at the time of the impact, driving the vehicle - (a) under the influence of intoxicating liquor or of a drug; (b) at a speed dangerous to another person or persons; or (c) in a manner dangerous to another person or persons.
the accused was driving the vehicle concerned on a public street at a speed that exceeded, by more than 45 kilometres per hour, the prescribed speed limit (if any) applicable to that length of public street; or
x
Nature-based solutions
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Nature based solution seawall
x
x
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
To enhance resilience by upgrading, repairing and relocating existing critical public infrastructure. Fiji will take measures to ensure that public infrastructure is resilient to cyclones and floods, prioritizing nature-based economically viable solutions, and developing future infrastructure and building projects while keeping in mind the effects of climate change.
x
x
x
x
Number of vehicle registration limit
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
proper vehicle de-registration and scrapping of vehicles to maintain national fleet composition at manageable levels
x
Passenger and freight load limits
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts.
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Address the impact of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavements, through an assessment of the impact of overloaded trucks, improving enforcement of load restrictions, and increasing weighing bridges.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Protect investment in the national land transport network through effective controls on vehicle overloading and adequate maintenance. Promote the fuel efficiency of the existing motor vehicle fleet, including promoting fuel efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training, and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axle weight standards.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
promoting fuel-efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axel weight standards
x
Performance-based transport maintenance contracts
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Review current model of contracting for road maintenance to achieve cost savings for construction, maintenance and upgrading of existing infrastructure.
x
Planning to reduce future vulnerabilities and minimizing losses
Flood-hazard Mapping: An important tool to map out regions that are more prone to flooding in future due to climate change.
Port electrification
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
The first would be large-scale practice of powering shoreside-stored reefer containers from the grid. A much larger impact would result from requiring large berthed vessels to use shoreside connections to the grid to provide their power needs (“cold ironing”).
x
Private sector cooperation
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Promoting cycling and establishment of cycle paths in urban areas, as well as public and private sector participation in cycle to work schemes.
x
x
Private sector investment/ PPP
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Participatory management of water resource
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Public-private partnerships and incentives scale-up access to affordable low to zero carbon transport products and markets
x
x
x
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Consideration of Public Private Partnerships such as build-operate-transfer and similar arrangements where private entities partially or fully finance the construction of new roads, bridges or jetties.
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Attract potential investors to provide alternative modes of transportation through Public Private Partnership (PPP) framework. Review the Land Transport structure and funding mechanisms for implementation.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Attract potential investors to provide alternative modes of transportation through PPP framework.
x
x
x
x
FIJI NATIONAL REPORT On Progress in implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation (MSI) of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA)
2010
use of Public Private Partnership to finance infrastructure development
x
x
x
x
Promote active transport
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Promote Non-Motorized Transport (NMT)
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Promoting cycling and establishment of cycle paths in urban areas, as well as public and private sector participation in cycle to work schemes.
x
x
Promote preparedness and rapid recovery of transport function
Rehabilitation plans are focused on the principle of “building back better” especially for rural housing and infrastructure such as roads, water and energy.
x
Promotion of local manufacturing, services, and contracting in transport
NDC Investment Plan
2022
national programme for the scrappage of old vehicles will be implemented, including support for domestic use or export of recycled materials
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Revitalising the local boatbuilding and shipbuilding industry.
x
A Green Growth Framework for Fiji: Restoring the Balance in Development that is Sustainable for Our Future
2014
Revitalisation of the local boatbuilding, shipbuilding industry and vessel slipping.
x
Public transport improvement - General
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
» Promoting a transport mode change, increasing the appeal of public transport, and promoting bicycle and e-bike use through initiatives and the development of adequate infrastructure.
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Promote the use of public transport and investment in convenient, safe, and connected walking and cycling infrastructure.
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Increased annual public investment on public transport improves inclusive, affordable, and low to zero carbon transport options for rural, urban, and outer island citizens
x
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Public transport expansion Mode Shift. New policies will be needed to promote transport mode shifts, and simultaneously to promote EVs as well as PT and NMT. To support the investment case, bus use will be promoted and public investments will be made into pedestrian and public transport infrastructure and traffic control measures to improve bus operations and usage. There will also need to be a commitment to better planning and understanding of bus operations. These measures will strengthen the business case and create an enabling environment for investment, thereby supporting bus operators and other stakeholders in making the transition to a low carbon PT system.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
explore the viability of implementing public transport network design for an efficient and equitable public transport system Promoting the use of public transport
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
The mitigation actions under Transport include vehicle replacement programmes for buses, taxis, private cars, lorries and minibuses, which are expected to have the largest contribution for CO2mitigation (95 ktCO2/yr) in the sub-sector.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
To promote the use of public transport. Promoting use of public transport (bus and rail) and smaller size motorized vehicles (such as motor scooters, motorcycles, but with regard to safety tradeoffs)
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Promote public transport, including buses and railways.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
To promote the use of public transport.
x
Public transport pricing
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Public transport services will continue to be price controlled with the LTA determining fare levels.
x
Rail improvement - General
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Exploring the potential for rail transport including undertaking a feasibility study, in particular for the cane farming areas in the Western Division in the "off season".
x
Reference to domestic financing mechanisms
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Continue to provide subsidy to the domestic air service providers under the domestic air service subsidy programme.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
The Road User Levy will be extended to a more comprehensive system of road user charges (RUC) . The RUC will be made up of (i) a charge on each vehicle licensed graduated by vehicle size (ii) a charge based on heavy vehicle axle loads and (iii) a levy on automotive fuels (petrol and diesel)at the point of wholesale. The road user charge revenues will be credited to an account operated by the FRA (a Road Fund) for the purposes of road and jetty maintenance.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Review Government Subsidies on Transport Review the Land Transport structure and funding mechanisms for implementation.
x
x
x
x
Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji Act 2009
2009
the Authority ma invest part of its funds n so far as the funds are not required to be expended by the Authority.
x
Reference to international financial support
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Attract potential investors to provide alternative modes of transportation through PPP framework.
x
x
x
x
Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji Act 2009
2009
the Authority may borrow, subject to the approval of the Minister responsible for public enterprises, any sums by the Authority to meet any of its obligations or to perform any of its functions.
x
Relocation from climate-risk areas
Fiji - Voluntary National Reviews 2023
2023
In 2018, at COP24 in Poland, Fiji launched its Planned Relocation Guidelines (PRG). The PRG serves as an overarching framework to guide and advance the subsequent national processes and procedures required to manage national relocation needs. In 2023, the government launched the Standard Operating Procedures for Planned Relocation, which operationalize the PRG.
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
To enhance resilience by upgrading, repairing and relocating existing critical public infrastructure.
x
x
x
x
Planned Relocation Guidelines: A framework to undertake climate change related relocation
2018
This document provides guidance for the Government of the Republic of Fiji and all other stakeholders present in Fiji to consider planned relocation solutions for the affected communities as part of their adaptation strategies in relation to environmental change, and disasters due to climate change related slow-onset events occurring on the territory of Fiji.
Renewable energy
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels,
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels, including biofuels, solar and sail-assisted sea transport and efficient motors, vessel design, and improved maintenance models to improve the overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in sea transport within Fiji.
x
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Repurposing road space for active mobility access
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Road Infrastructure Upgrade for Non-motorised Transport (increasing the use of sidewalks,
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Promote cycling and establishment of cycle-paths in urban areas, for example through employers‟ participation in cycle-to-work and public transport schemes.
x
Research in transport sector
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Provision of timely & highquality research, policy & information to meet the specific needs of the Government and the public
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Research, Education, and capacity Building. Adoption and implementation of a long-term research, education, and capacity building strategy to underpin a successful domestic low carbon maritime transition.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Supporting initiatives that assist in the transition to a low carbon sea transport future such as the Oceania Centre for Sustainable Transport. Building relationships with global and regional industry leaders and researchers working in the field of sustainable sea transport. The Government transport agencies will competitively outsource services delivery to the private sector where this is cost-efficient and does not compromise the core competencies of the sector agencies. The Government will actively assist the development of Fijian national firms and individuals to increase their participation in the transport sector.
x
x
x
x
Resilient transport infrastructure
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Explore options for enhancing climate resilience in existing infrastructure such as replacing low level crossings with bridges and road realignment.
x
Updated Nationally Determined Contribution - FJI
2020
To enhance resilience by upgrading, repairing and relocating existing critical public infrastructure. Fiji will take measures to ensure that public infrastructure is resilient to cyclones and floods, prioritizing nature-based economically viable solutions, and developing future infrastructure and building projects while keeping in mind the effects of climate change.
x
x
x
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Among the key national policies is the Maritime and Land Transport Policy (2015), which promotes improved efficiency at ports, the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment and engines able to operate on biofuels, operation and maintenance of transport equipment in a manner that minimises consumption and CO2 emissions, and the development and introduction of low carbon propulsion alternatives and hull designs. use of government vessels as demonstration models, coupled with financing modality packages to prompt private sector uptake of successful trials (costing between USD 10-100 million) and incentivising key market sectors to lead in the transition (such as the maritime tourism sector) In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing. Review of Shipping Franchise and Sea Route licensing in favour of low/zero carbon vessels and operational efficiencies
x
Road charging and tolls
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Traffic Congestion Reduction Measure: Inclusive of urban car free zones, responsive traffic signalling, clearways, lane reversals, street addressing standardisation, congestion pricing, office relocations, and staggered public service office hours, the opportunities for reducing the congestion borne by commuters in the Greater Suva Area (GSA) are numerous, with varying levels of investment cost and efficacy
x
x
Road infrastructure expansion
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
augment the capacity and ease congestion. Multiple road construction projects. Construction of 40 Bridges over Fiji to improve transportation system.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Implement an augmented programme for roads in rural and maritime areas that will also include construction of Irish crossings, suspension bridges, jetties, waiting sheds and foot crossings.
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Improve road approaches, new and upgraded links and local traffic management at the main ports and airports.
x
Road surfacing
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Upgrade and resurface Rotuma Airstrip for ATR72-600 domestic operations.
x
Road-side checks for traffic safety enforcement
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Address the impact of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavements, through an assessment of the impact of overloaded trucks, improving enforcement of load restrictions, and increasing weighing bridges.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Increase enforcement (LTA) and statistical weighing (FRA) of heavy vehicles.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Protect investment in the national land transport network through effective controls on vehicle overloading and adequate maintenance
x
Routine transport asset maintenance
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Strengthen investment in preventive and routine maintenance.
x
Shared mobility - General
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
encouraging car-pooling
x
Shipping efficiency improvements
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Re-fleet Government vessels to be energy efficient. Monitor the Government Shipping Franchise Scheme (GSFS) 15-year contract agreements and ensure the transition to energy efficiency.
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Low-carbon maritime transport options and shipping efficiency improvements are used to improve the costeffectiveness of shipping routes, increasing inter-island connectivity (both frequency and introduction of new routes) in keeping with NDP objectives
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
transitioning 2-stroke engines in small vessels to 4-stroke engines (costing USD 0.5-1 million), coupled with a longer-term shift to wind and electric hybrids Fuel Efficiency Standards. Vessel imports subject to increasingly stringent efficiency standards and fossil fuel powered vessels increasingly penalized
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
improved maintenance for sea vessels (5 ktCO2/yr), and increased utilisation of fuel-efficient outboard motors. • This mitigation action includes regular maintenance services for large sea vessels including measures to improve the fuel efficiency of the engine and the vessel, leading to reduced GHG emissions. The focus of the programme in the mediumterm (2021-2025) is on the highest fuel-consuming sea vessel fleet (highest fuel consumption per km, cargo-ton or passenger) from commercial shipping, Government Shipping Franchise Scheme, and Government Shipping Service.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Improving the operating efficiency of vessels for example, weather routing and slow steaming and support technological innovation for example, better hull and propeller designs which could result in fuel savings. Strengthening enforcement on operators to minimise environmental degradation and pollution. Introduction of requirements to address fuel emissions from ships.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels,
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels, including biofuels, solar and sail-assisted sea transport and efficient motors, vessel design, and improved maintenance models to improve the overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in sea transport within Fiji.
x
Shipping fuels
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Transitioning vessels from conventional diesel fuel to low-carbon fuels like biofuels
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
The policy aims to reduce the energy and carbon intensity of the domestic fleet through the adoption of operational actions (such as slow steaming and weather routing), retrofitting and replacement to energy/carbon efficient propulsion and hull design, the use of smaller, more efficient craft that are suited to inter-island routes, introduction of renewable energy (biofuel, solar, or sail assisted) vessels and the revival of traditional knowledge associated with use of small canoes and camakau (traditional watercraft) to reduce the reliance on fossil fuel outboard motors.
x
Shipping improvement - General
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
The NPTSP will include the securing of land, design, construction, and commissioning of a new Shipping Terminal Facility for Nabouwalu to serve as a waiting and rest area
Propulsion (main) Engine Replacement Propeller Boss Cap Fins (PBCF) To increase the thrust, the hub vortex behind the propeller needs to be reduced or eliminated, which is achieved by one of the augmentation tools called the propeller boss cap fins Bilge keel optimisation Ships usually have one bilge keel on each side reducing side-ways movement (rolling), but poorly designed or damaged bilge keels increase the resistance for forward movement. As a result, a vessel's bilge keel profile needs to be optimised for current operations.
x
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
This goal includes traditional monitoring, compliance and enforcement components of boundaries and sovereignty, the safe use of shipping sea lanes and permitted marine activities, as well as non-traditional maritime security issues related to myriad threats including extreme events and transnational crime. Explore and incentivize smart and sustainable cross-sectoral and co-located activities, such as oceanbased renewable energy sites to fuel zero-emission shipping and aquaculture farms.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Among the key national policies is the Maritime and Land Transport Policy (2015), which promotes improved efficiency at ports, the introduction of fuel-efficient transport equipment and engines able to operate on biofuels, operation and maintenance of transport equipment in a manner that minimises consumption and CO2 emissions, and the development and introduction of low carbon propulsion alternatives and hull designs. use of government vessels as demonstration models, coupled with financing modality packages to prompt private sector uptake of successful trials (costing between USD 10-100 million) and incentivising key market sectors to lead in the transition (such as the maritime tourism sector) In part, to address these issues the NAP calls for new or upgraded climate resilient jetties and landings and repairs and upgrades to lighthouses, beacons, and other navigation aids Shipping Franchise and Sea Route Licensing. Review of Shipping Franchise and Sea Route licensing in favour of low/zero carbon vessels and operational efficiencies
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Provision of fortnightly shipping services on all uneconomical routes. Identify and develop new and shorter sea routes Upgrade and construct new infrastructure (jetties and berthing facilities) in the maritime islands including construction of waiting sheds. Continue upgrading port facilities at a number of outer island ports to improve transport links for the residents in maritime areas.
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Additional potential actions to contribute to mitigation and transformational change in the transport sub-sector include: urban and public transport planning, long-term electric transportation strategy, behavioural change, and alternative propulsion systems in maritime transport.
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Improve efficiency at ports and provide competitive international port charges, including for cruise ships. More frequent Maritime services. Develop and upgrade seaways and main rivers and prevent marine pollution. Provide economical, safe, adequate and efficient facilities for the transport of goods and people to facilitate trade, transshipment and other related functions. Identification and development of new & shorter sea routes. (Fiji National Energy Policy 2013-2020)
x
A Green Growth Framework for Fiji: Restoring the Balance in Development that is Sustainable for Our Future
2014
Affordable and regular shipping services to the outer and isolated islands and between coastal communities to be sustained in the future.
x
REPUBLIC OF FIJI MARINE SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN
2012
The Government of the Republic of Fiji has developed this National Marine Spill Contingency Plan (NATPLAN) as part of its commitment to protecting our valuable coastal and marine resources from an eminent or substantial threat to the marine environment or public. The NATPLAN will provide a framework within which facility (petroleum product terminals/ports) Tier 1 contingency plans will be implemented.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Provide economical, safe, adequate and efficient facilities for the transport of goods and people to facilitate trade, transshipment and other related functions.
x
FIJI NATIONAL REPORT On Progress in implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation (MSI) of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA)
2010
construction of key regional jetties
x
Shipping port infrastructure improvements
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
Maintenance Dredging of the Port of Suva berth and navigational channel.
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Develop climate-resilient jetties and landings on outer islands where needed as well as supporting road infrastructure Strengthen and upgrade existing ports so that they are climate- and disaster-resilient, as well as meet international standards.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Improve efficiency at ports and provide competitive port charges, including for cruise ships.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Ensure optimal location, updated design and construction of existing and new jetties. Commence implementation of Rokobili Port. Provision of adequate maritime infrastructure such as Aids to Navigation (AtoNs), Mooring Buoys, Beacons, etc. Replacement and maintenance of lighthouses and beacons. Investing in outer island jetties and bridges programme. Consider relocation of port facilities in selected cases.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Improve efficiency at ports and provide competitive international port charges, including for cruise ships.
x
Solar energy
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Installation of 3.5MWH solar farm at Nadi Airport by 2025.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
All off-grid airports are 100% powered by solar PV Gate Power. All aircraft at off-grid airports rely on dedicated solar PV systems for auxiliary power while at gate (replacing diesel generators)
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels, including biofuels, solar and sail-assisted sea transport and efficient motors, vessel design, and improved maintenance models to improve the overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in sea transport within Fiji.
x
Stakeholder involvement - General
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Supporting initiatives that assist in the transition to a low carbon sea transport future such as the Oceania Centre for Sustainable Transport. Building relationships with global and regional industry leaders and researchers working in the field of sustainable sea transport. The Government transport agencies will competitively outsource services delivery to the private sector where this is cost-efficient and does not compromise the core competencies of the sector agencies. The Government will actively assist the development of Fijian national firms and individuals to increase their participation in the transport sector.
x
x
x
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Explore the costs and benefits of introducing mandatory fuel efficiency standards based on those applied internationally. Proper due diligence and wide stakeholder consultation will be undertaken before any internationally applied standard is adopted for the local transport sector, including shipping, tuna long line fishing, taxi and bus industry.
x
x
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
Fiji Airways is determined to take an innovative approach and is exploring the
potential for the production of SAF in Fiji.
x
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
In 2023, Fiji Airways contracted a total of 100,000 USG blended sustainable aviation
fuel at Changi Airport for flights from Singapore to Nadi.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Integration Initiative
x
Taxi - General
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Incentivizing the shift of taxis and private cars to hybrid/electric vehicles through scrappage schemes
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
The mitigation actions under Transport include vehicle replacement programmes for buses, taxis, private cars, lorries and minibuses, which are expected to have the largest contribution for CO2mitigation (95 ktCO2/yr) in the sub-sector.
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Duty concessions are currently available for all buses with Euro4 and Euro3 engines and for LPG taxis
x
Technical standards for general transport infrastructure
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Ensure optimal location, updated design and construction of existing and new jetties.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Compliance with international and maritime security codes and investment priority for security-related infrastructure
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Ensure optimal location, updated design and construction of existing and new jetties.
x
Technical standards for road infrastructure
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Updated road & non-motorised transport infrastructure design standards for how roads, footpaths, bicycle lanes, and the space between them shall be designed.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Review of the existing policies and legislation surrounding the management of farm roads and reexamine the standards for construction of rural roads.
x
Technology and knowledge transfer
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Provision of timely & highquality research, policy & information to meet the specific needs of the Government and the public
x
Traffic management
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
augment the capacity and ease congestion
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Traffic Congestion Reduction Measure: Inclusive of urban car free zones, responsive traffic signalling, clearways, lane reversals, street addressing standardisation, congestion pricing, office relocations, and staggered public service office hours, the opportunities for reducing the congestion borne by commuters in the Greater Suva Area (GSA) are numerous, with varying levels of investment cost and efficacy
x
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
introducing peak period public transport zoning for high demand corridors
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Continue the revision of traffic management schemes.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Undertake a wider study on the transportation system in the Suva-Nausori corridor, including study of intermodal and peak hour variability, and make and implement appropriate decisions on the recommendations. Continue the revision of traffic management schemes. Improve the traffic management schemes and reduce traffic congestion at main trunk routes
x
x
Training of enforcement authorities
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Stringent enforcement and zero tolerance on emission levels for land transport.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Providing necessary training to enforcers.
x
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Harmonize policy and legislation pertaining to waterways management
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Consolidation of the Traffic Act (Cap 176) Review of the Land Transport Act, 1998 and subsidiary regulations. Develop a Carriage of Goods by Road Act. Repeal the Bicycle Act and Railways Act and incorporate necessary provisions within the Fiji Roads Authority Act. Review and incorporate the Roads Act and road provisions within the Local Government Act into the Fiji Roads Authority Act.
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Introduction of effective measures to reduce the number of road deaths, mishaps at sea and air crashes through enabling legal frameworks. Consolidation of the Traffic Act (Cap 176) Review of the Land Transport Act, 1998 and subsidiary regulations
x
Transport access improvement - General
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
The roads and driveways inside the SRIF premises at the 5 sites need to be upgraded. Essential maintenance of FRA's road assets in order to preserve its useful life while ensuring road user safety Replacement and renewal of bridges,crossings crossings throughout the nation to improve access and user safety. Replacement and renewal of jetties throughout the nation to improve access and user safety.
The vulnerability assessment of the major road network was carried in the CVA, and some roads identified as at-risk and were being prioritised for strengthening and maintenance.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts.
x
Transport asset management - General
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Review current model of contracting for road maintenance to achieve cost savings for construction, maintenance and upgrading of existing infrastructure.
x
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
The roads and driveways inside the SRIF premises at the 5 sites need to be upgraded. Essential maintenance of FRA's road assets in order to preserve its useful life while ensuring road user safety Replacement and renewal of bridges,crossings crossings throughout the nation to improve access and user safety. Replacement and renewal of jetties throughout the nation to improve access and user safety.
The vulnerability assessment of the major road network was carried in the CVA, and some roads identified as at-risk and were being prioritised for strengthening and maintenance.
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Address the impact of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavements, through an assessment of the impact of overloaded trucks, improving enforcement of load restrictions, and increasing weighing bridges.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Continue implementation of existing major roads programmes including the FRA Maintenance Programme, Renewals and Replacements of Roads and Services, and Upgrading and Replacement of Bridges and Jetties.
x
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Protect investment in the national land transport network through effective controls on vehicle overloading and adequate maintenance. Maintenance - should be fully funded across the network before considering any upgrading or new construction improving the design standard, e.g. for roads increased width, sealing unsealed roads, increased pavement strength or bridge load capacity
x
FIJI NATIONAL REPORT On Progress in implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation (MSI) of the Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA)
2010
upgrading of the Buca Bay Road in Vanua Levu, Sawani/Serea Road, Sigatoka Valley Road, and Moto Road in Viti Levu
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
To continue investment in the construction, maintenance and upgrading of the national transport network supported by enabling legislation and regulation enforced.
x
Transport asset management funding strategy
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Strengthen investment in preventive and routine maintenance.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Maintenance - should be fully funded across the network before considering any upgrading or new construction The road user charge revenues will be credited to an account operated by the FRA (a Road Fund) for the purposes of road and jetty maintenance.
x
Transport finance - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Financing modalities for first phase of investments in proven technologies. Identification and development of financing modalities to support private sector uptake of commercial proven measures at scale
x
x
x
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
1,149 million USD from 2020-2030 NDC roadmap implementation
x
x
x
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
Transport infrastructure modification to reduce climate risks
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
There is a need to replace existing structures with more resilient structures, which can withstand heavy storm surges and protect the road and prevent foreshore erosion
Implement river-bank protection activities that integrate ecosystem-based approaches with hard infrastructure, in particular the use of riparian buffers. A traditional hard-engineering technology whereby stones are piled along the coast lining the road to prevent infrastructure damage from wave action. Over the years this technology is compromised by wave action displacing the stones, and therefore is no longer favoured.
x
x
National Climate change Policy 2018 - 2030
2019
Transport investment options that provide vital services for vulnerable and remote communities as well as highly populated areas are prioritised.
x
x
x
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
With regard to land transport, the NAP proposes to: conduct road inspections, renew and upgrade road infrastructure to address current and future risks, address the impacts of overloaded trucks on sealed road pavement and bridges and to enforce load restrictions, and work to renew and upgrade priority water crossings to withstand climate impacts.
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
The assessment will identify instances where infrastructure needs to be upgraded, replaced or relocated. The assessment is also to provide recommendations for (rural) communities not currently connected to reticulated or government-operated systems.
x
x
x
x
Transport institutional reform
NDC Investment Plan
2022
For Alternative fuels in Land and Maritime Transport • National fuel planning activities by MIMS and MCTTT. • Setting up regulatory and enforcement actions by LTA, FRCS, and MCTTT. • Feasibility studies, ESIAs, and permitting completed for new terminal storage and tank stations.
x
x
Ministry of Waterways and Environment Strategic Plan 2020-2024
2020
Reform of the legal and policy framework for the sector
x
Republic of Fiji: National Adaptation Plan
2018
Promote institutional strengthening and capacity building for an integrated transport strategic planning framework, which identifies co-benefits with the Low Emission Development Strategy.
x
x
x
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Improve coordination between LTA, Police and Driving Schools Association (DSA)
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Merger of LTA & DNR (DNR now FRA) National Transport Coordinating Committee: Will be reconstituted under the Secretary MOIT as chair.
x
x
x
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Reform and consolidate the land transport sector
x
Maritime Safety Authority of Fiji Act 2009
2009
The object of theis Act is to establish a statutory authority for maritime safety.
x
Land Transport Act 1998 - FJI
1998
Establishment of Land Transport Authority
x
Transport international conventions - General
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Fiji will become a signatory to the MARPOL Convention and will maintain legislation in conformity with it international convention responsibilities
x
Transport resilience - general
Fiji's State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction from International Aviation
2024
0
x
Fiji National Infrastructure Investment Plan 2023-2034
2023
River Bank Erosion along Rewa River at Nakailei village that is threat to household staying at the River bank. Boulder Revetment Works. Flood retention dam The major objective of this Project is to Construct coastal barriers and build up the roads along low lying coastal areas. There is a need to replace existing structures with more resilient structures, which can withstand heavy storm surges and protect the road and prevent foreshore erosion
This bridge level needs to be lifted so that motorists have safe access. The overall structure of the bridge (timber) needs to be replaced noting its structural integrity and also vulnerability to termite damage in the Northern Division.
x
x
Trasport adaptation - general
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Implement other climate change adaptation measures for environmentally friendly shipping services
x
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Vehicles that comply with Euro IV standard
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Stringent enforcement and zero tolerance on emission levels for land transport.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Local industry to comply with Euro 4 fuel standards including setting up of relevant infrastructure and review of the fuel prices Petrol and diesel fuels sold in Fiji will be required to comply with Euro-4 and Euro-5 fuel specification similarly
x
Vehicle efficiency standards
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Review current standards around vehicle safety and emissions with the aim of transitioning towards sustainable mobility.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Age limits (which are newly implemented in Fiji) for imported used vehicles would be combined with EURO-5 (or equivalent) vehicle fuel efficiency and/or carbon emissions standards for imported used and new vehicles.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Efficiency Improvements in Vehicles.
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Stringent enforcement and zero tolerance on emission levels for land transport.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Promote the use of fuel-efficient vehicles.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Promote the fuel efficiency of imported motor vehicles Promote the fuel efficiency of the existing motor vehicle fleet
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
Promote the fuel efficiency of imported motor vehicles in order to reduce petroleum consumption
x
Vehicle import inspections
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Control the importation of second-hand vehicles
x
Vehicle improvement - General
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Fuel Efficiency in Trucks. Efficiency improvement of trucks by using deflectors and replacement of tyres and development of eco-driving training centres with truck simulators
x
Vehicle inspection and maintenance
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Establishing an automated vehicle roadworthiness inspection system within LTA
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Improve vehicle operating costs by investing in more maintenance. Promote the fuel efficiency of the existing motor vehicle fleet, including promoting fuel efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training, and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axle weight standards. Vehicles will be required to pass a black smoke emission test as part of the warrant of fitness as well as being subject to on-road spot testing Automated vehicle roadworthiness inspection system to be established within LTA.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
Investigate the potential and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions for sea vessels, including biofuels, solar and sail-assisted sea transport and efficient motors, vessel design, and improved maintenance models to improve the overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption in sea transport within Fiji. promoting fuel-efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axel weight standards
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Protect investment in the national land transport network through effective controls on vehicle overloading and adequate maintenance
x
Vehicle labelling
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Efficient imported vehicles (including labelling)
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
introduction of vehicle fuel economy labeling
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
labelling for vehicle fuel economy of imported land transport vehicles
x
Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) global report
2013
labelling for vehicle fuel economy of imported land transport vehicles
x
Vehicle restrictions (import, age, access, sale, taxation)
NDC Investment Plan
2022
Age limits (which are newly implemented in Fiji) for imported used vehicles would be combined with EURO-5 (or equivalent) vehicle fuel efficiency and/or carbon emissions standards for imported used and new vehicles.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Efficient imported vehicles (including labelling)
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Importation of used vehicles to be made conditional on satisfactory safety features; Establishing a system where imported used vehicles must undergo border inspection prior to shipment from originating country Amend the law to allow for older but refurbished ships that meet maritime safety standards to be imported
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
Ensure enforcement of Euro IV standards (2017) and Euro VI standard (2021) for imported vehicles.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Control the importation ages of second hand vehicles. continuing to enforce age limits on all second hand vehicles (five years and less) New vehicles to be subject to type approval before importation Imported used vehicles to be subject to preshipment inspection and clearance against Fiji vehicle design and construction regulations. All newly registered vehicles (new and imported second hand), sold in Fiji will be required to be Euro 4 (or equivalent) compliant and in five years' time Euro-5 (or equivalent) compliant.
x
Fiji National Energy Policy 2013 - 2020
2013
enforce age limits for second hand vehicles and provide import tax incentives
x
Roadmap for Democracy and Sustainable Socio-economic Development 2010-2014
2010
Control the importation ages of second hand vehicles. Control the importation of second-hand vehicles
x
Vehicle roadworthiness laws and regulations
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
Establishing an automated vehicle roadworthiness inspection system within LTA
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Improve vehicle operating costs by investing in more maintenance. Promote the fuel efficiency of the existing motor vehicle fleet, including promoting fuel efficient driving practices through information campaigns and driver training, and by improving the enforcement of vehicle maintenance and maximum axle weight standards. Vehicles will be required to pass a black smoke emission test as part of the warrant of fitness as well as being subject to on-road spot testing Automated vehicle roadworthiness inspection system to be established within LTA.
x
Vehicle scrappage scheme
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Incentivizing the shift of taxis and private cars to hybrid/electric vehicles through scrappage schemes
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Provide incentives to encourage replacement of aged vehicles and vessel fleet. Develop and implement a policy on maximum age of ships and other pre-requisites to guide the purchase and importation of new ships to service Fiji's maritime zones. Develop a Vehicle Recycling/Disposal Programme Develop a Vehicle Scrappage Policy.
x
NDC Investment Plan
2022
national programme for the scrappage of old vehicles will be implemented, including support for domestic use or export of recycled materials End-of-Life Vehicle Programme
x
Republic of Fiji National Ocean Policy 2020-2030
2020
Apply the global regime for safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships.
x
Fiji Low Emission Development Strategy 2018-2050
2018
Vehicle renewal
x
5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan
2017
proper vehicle de-registration and scrapping of vehicles to maintain national fleet composition at manageable levels
x
NDC Implementation Plan 2030
2017
All vehicle replacement programmes would institute an enhanced sub-industry for the scrappage of old vehicles and recycling of materials. Design and implement a scrappage policy (including standards, recycling) and incentive scheme. Design and implement eligibility criteria development for vehicles scrapped and replaced. Design and implement an incentive scheme per mitigation actions involving FCCC and FRCS (including capacity building). Provide training to key stakeholders (including scrappage facilities, car dealers, etc.).
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Exploring and developing an exit strategy for vehicles that have reached their life span. Accelerated vehicle replacement schemes (e.g. car scrapping schemes).
x
Vessel scrappage and retrofit
Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)
2025
Replacing old, inefficient outboard motors on small boats with modern models through incentives and scrappage schemes
x
National Development Plan 2025-2029 and Vision 2050
2024
Provide incentives to encourage replacement of aged vehicles and vessel fleet. Undertake the removal of Derelict Vessels in Fiji.
x
Fiji Maritime and Land Transport Policy
2015
Purchasing of a renewable energy (biofuel/solar/sail assisted) vessel through a partnership between Government Shipping Services and private sector investors and in close consultation with interested communities. Exploring the potential use of 4-stroke outboard motors in Fiji
x
Disclaimer
The Asian Transport Observatory (ATO) project collects, collates, and organizes data from publicly available official, as well as reputable and peer-reviewed secondary sources, which may contain incomplete or inconsistent data. It is important to note that the ATO does not generate data. Changes in the methodologies used in the sources, and changes in the values due to such changes may not necessarily be highlighted in this specific document. Moreover, while the ATO carries out quality control and assurance of whether the data are truthfully reflected in the ATO, the ATO does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data in the ATO databases, and in the knowledge products that are produced from such. Users are encouraged to scrutinize, verify, interpret, and judge the data before utilizing them. For the profiles, please note that we utilize the 3-letter codes from ISO due to the global nature of some of the figures. All insights are grounded in ATO national, urban, and policy databases. To ensure professional excellence, human-generated texts undergo AI-assisted refinement for grammar and clarity. Editorial judgment and content responsibility remain fully with the ATO, and AI is not used for autonomous content generation.
Koks, E., Rozenberg, J., Tariverdi, M., Dickens, B., Fox, C., Ginkel, K. van, & Hallegatte, S. (2023). A global assessment of national road network vulnerability. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 3(2), 025008. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acd1aa
Liu, K., Wang, Q., Wang, M., & Koks, E. E. (2023). Global transportation infrastructure exposure to the change of precipitation in a warmer world. Nature Communications, 14(1), 2541. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38203-3
Noll, B., Schmidt, T. S., & Egli, F. (2026). The electric vehicle transition and vanishing fuel tax revenues. Nature Sustainability, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01721-7
Wiedenhofer, D., Baumgart, A., Matej, S., Virág, D., Kalt, G., Lanau, M., Tingley, D. D., Liu, Z., Guo, J., Tanikawa, H., & Haberl, H. (2024). Mapping and modelling global mobility infrastructure stocks, material flows and their embodied greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 139742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139742
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