Solomon Islands Transport and Climate Profile 2026
Outline
SOLOMON ISLANDS
TRANSPORT AND CLIMATE PROFILE
Supported by:
Background
The Solomon Islands, a least developed nation in the Pacific Islands, has a unique development and environmental profile. In 2024, its population was 819,000, with a GDP (PPP) of $2.4 billion and a per capita income of $2,872. The transport sector is a key part of the economy but also a major source of environmental impact, generating 153,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2024, about 25% of the country's total emissions. While transport CO2 emissions increased by 3.1% annually before the Paris Agreement and SDGs, this growth has slowed to 0.4% per year, showing an early stage of decoupling transport activity from emissions growth.
Transport and Climate Change
The transport sector in the Solomon Islands is predominantly reliant on road transport, which made up 86% of total transport emissions and 21% of the country's overall GHG emissions in 2024. Domestic navigation and aviation contributed 7% each, while there is no rail infrastructure. The sector's carbon intensity has significantly decreased from 141.2 gCO2e per USD in 2000 to 65.1 gCO2e per USD in 2024. However, it still exceeds the Asia-Pacific average (29.0 gCO2e/USD) and the lower-middle-income economies' average (23.8 gCO2e/USD). In 2023, the sector's energy use was 5,082 terajoules, completely dependent on oil products, with no use of biofuels or electricity. This heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations and hampers decarbonization efforts.
The Solomon Islands faces severe systemic risks from climate change and natural hazards. From 2000 to 2024, the country experienced 20 recorded natural disasters, mainly storms (50%) and flooding (25%), affecting over 325,000 people and causing substantial economic damage. The transport sector is highly vulnerable, with potential annual infrastructure losses (AAL) estimated at $327,600—about 0.015% of GDP. Most losses are in road infrastructure (83%) and ports (15%). Additionally, 13% of the population lives in low-lying coastal areas threatened by sea-level rise. Currently, the Solomon Islands ranks 88th out of 208 countries in the National Road Vulnerability ranking, underscoring the urgent need for stronger adaptation strategies. At present, only 32% of transport policies include climate adaptation or resilience measures.
Motorization rates in the Solomon Islands have grown from 325 vehicles per thousand people in 2000 to 387 in 2024, exceeding the Asia-Pacific average of 317. The vehicle fleet mainly consists of two-wheelers (52%) and light-duty vehicles (33%). Although bus imports increased to $18.6 million from 2015 to 2024, none were electric. The country's E-mobility Readiness Index is 61 out of 100, but it scores poorly in technology and market readiness, at only 7/100. EV imports are still minimal, accounting for <1% of total road vehicle imports by 2024. Urban mobility faces challenges; in urban areas, 80% of residents lack easy access to public transport. Between 2015 and 2024, $1.9 million was spent on bicycle imports, but active transport and public transit need stronger policies for better integration.
The transport sector financing has shifted notably, with Official Development Assistance (ODA) rising from $44.2 million (2002-2010) to $340.6 million (2011-2023). During this period, airport funding increased to 33%, while road investments accounted for 50%. Since 2000, there have been no public-private partnership (PPP) investments in this sector.
On policy, the Solomon Islands has developed a comprehensive framework, including the NDC 3.0 (2025) and a Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS). The country aims to cut emissions by 30% below 2015 levels by 2030, with a conditional goal of 45% if international aid is received. The LEDS also targets achieving net-zero emissions across all sectors by 2050. Specific transport goals include reducing domestic shipping emissions by 40% by 2030 and fully eliminating them by 2050, along with implementing "Green and Clean Ports." Supported by 23 policy documents, these targets face challenges in aligning mandates with actual implementation, especially given the decline in fuel tax revenues (currently 1% of government income) as electrification advances.
Applying the "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework highlights a need for a comprehensive strategy for sustainable mobility. "Avoid" tactics are developing through integrated land-use and infrastructure planning. The Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands suggests revising building and urban development codes to require EV charging stations in new urban areas, integrating low-carbon standards into future growth. "Shift" measures are supported by the 2014 Solomon Islands National Energy Policy, which promotes public transport and raises awareness of its benefits to reduce private internal combustion engine vehicle use. This is complemented by investments in active transport, such as the Solomon Islands Urban Centres Footpath Upgrade Programme Stage 1, and the management of the Franchise Shipping Scheme (FSS) to ensure reliable, low-carbon maritime access to remote provinces. The "Improve" pillar remains the most policy-active area, emphasizing technical efficiency and fuel switching. Notable initiatives include adopting Euro VI emission standards for new vehicle imports and Euro IV for used vehicles, along with implementing carbon levies and higher fuel taxes per the Solomon Islands 2021 Nationally Determined Contributions. Additionally, the Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation focuses on operational improvements, including high-power LED airport lighting and digitized aircraft manuals to reduce operational weight.
Representation of Transport in Key Climate Policy Documents
Distribution of Transport and Climate Policy Measures in Policy Documents
These tables contains transport-relevant (e.g. economy-wide; sector-specific) GHG emissions targets as explicitly mentioned in the policy documents.
Economy-wide GHG emissions mandates
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025;
2025
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to a BaU projection.
2030
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.
2050
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Solomon Islands has committed to reduce emissions by 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030
2025
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Solomon Islands has committed to reduce emissions by 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030
Solomon Islands is a growing small island developing State, with particular needs and priorities for sustainable development. Despite its status as a low emitting least developed country, Solomon Islands will nonetheless, commit to reduce its emissions by 14% by 2025 below 2015 and by 33% below 2015 by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection. If and when Paris Agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can, with international assistance, contribute: • a further 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025, and
Solomon Islands is a growing small island developing State, with particular needs and priorities for sustainable development. Despite its status as a low emitting least developed country, Solomon Islands will nonetheless, commit to reduce its emissions by 14% by 2025 below 2015 and by 33% below 2015 by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection. If and when Paris Agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can, with international assistance, contribute:• a further 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to BaU projection.
With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
2050
Voluntary National Review 2020 - SLB
2020
Solomon Islands has committed to reduce emissions by 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection (BaU). However, with international assistance Solomon Islands can further reduce its emissions by 27% by 2025; and 45% by 2030. This would make the overall reduction by Solomon Islands by more than 50% by 2050.
2025
Voluntary National Review 2020 - SLB
2020
Solomon Islands has committed to reduce emissions by 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection (BaU). However, with international assistance Solomon Islands can further reduce its emissions by 27% by 2025; and 45% by 2030. This would make the overall reduction by Solomon Islands by more than 50% by 2050.
2030
Voluntary National Review 2020 - SLB
2020
Solomon Islands has committed to reduce emissions by 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a business-as-usual projection (BaU). However, with international assistance Solomon Islands can further reduce its emissions by 27% by 2025; and 45% by 2030. This would make the overall reduction by Solomon Islands by more than 50% by 2050.
2050
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - SLB
2015
Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 27% reduction in GHG emissions by 2025;
2025
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - SLB
2015
Solomon Islands is a LDC SIDS, that will nonetheless commit to reduce emissions by: 12% below 2015 level by 2025 and 30% below 2015 level by 2030 compared to a BaU projection. On the understanding that a global agreement addresses international assistance to access financial and technical resources, Solomon Islands can with international assistance, contribute a further: 45% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, compared to a BaU projection.
2030
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution - SLB
2015
With appropriate international assistance, Solomon Islands can reduce its emissions by more than 50% by 2050.
2050
Managing transport GHG emission
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Land Transport GHG Mitigation: 14.1 (ktCO2e/yr) Maritime Transport GHG Mitigation: 16.6 (ktCO2e/yr)
2035
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
At the Fourth Pacific Regional Energy and Transport Minister's Meeting in 2019, Solomon Islands agreed to work towards reducing GHG emissions from domestic shipping by 40 per cent in 2030 and 100 per cent in 2050, and to adopt Pacific Ports 2030‑2050, a vision of Resilient, Green and Clean Ports in the Pacific.
2030
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
At the Fourth Pacific Regional Energy and Transport Minister's Meeting in 2019, Solomon Islands agreed to work towards reducing GHG emissions from domestic shipping by 40 per cent in 2030 and 100 per cent in 2050, and to adopt Pacific Ports 2030‑2050, a vision of Resilient, Green and Clean Ports in the Pacific.
2050
Net zero, carbon neutrality
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
0
2050
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Solomon Islands aim to maintain net zero emissions across all sectors by 2050 with equitable economic growth and resilience.
2050
Indirect Transport Climate Change Targets
These tables show non-GHG targets as specified in the policy documents which indirectly benefit climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector.
EV charging infrastructure
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Charging infrastructure target: Slow Chargers 19 Fast Chargers 41
2025
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Charging infrastructure target: Slow Chargers 100 Fast Chargers 200
2030
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Charging infrastructure target: Slow Chargers 191 Fast Chargers 389
2035
EV in freight
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 20.0% (5) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (37) Four-Wheeler Personal 20.0% (285) Four-Wheeler Taxi 20.0% (113) Bus (Mini) 20.0% (13) Bus (Standard) 20.0% (3) Truck (Light duty) 5.0% (31) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 5.0% (5) Overall sales target (%) 15.7% (492) Overall EV mix (%) 1.2%
2025
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 70.0% (32) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (53) Four-Wheeler Personal 30.0% (975) Four-Wheeler Taxi 40.0% (477) Bus (Mini) 50.0% (65) Bus (Standard) 50.0% (188) Truck (Light duty) 10.0% (131) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 10.0% (23) Overall sales target (%) 28.3% (1944) Overall EV mix (%) 5.3%
2030
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 100.0% (89) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (58) Four-Wheeler Personal 40.0% (2064) Four-Wheeler Taxi 60.0% (1884) Bus (Mini) 70.0% (161) Bus (Standard) 70.0% (79) Truck (Light duty) 15.0% (326) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 15.0% (58) Overall sales target (%)35.6% (4019) Overall EV mix (%) 12.3%
2035
EV in public transport
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 20.0% (5) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (37) Four-Wheeler Personal 20.0% (285) Four-Wheeler Taxi 20.0% (113) Bus (Mini) 20.0% (13) Bus (Standard) 20.0% (3) Truck (Light duty) 5.0% (31) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 5.0% (5) Overall sales target (%) 15.7% (492) Overall EV mix (%) 1.2%
2025
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 70.0% (32) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (53) Four-Wheeler Personal 30.0% (975) Four-Wheeler Taxi 40.0% (477) Bus (Mini) 50.0% (65) Bus (Standard) 50.0% (188) Truck (Light duty) 10.0% (131) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 10.0% (23) Overall sales target (%) 28.3% (1944) Overall EV mix (%) 5.3%
2030
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 100.0% (89) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (58) Four-Wheeler Personal 40.0% (2064) Four-Wheeler Taxi 60.0% (1884) Bus (Mini) 70.0% (161) Bus (Standard) 70.0% (79) Truck (Light duty) 15.0% (326) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 15.0% (58) Overall sales target (%)35.6% (4019) Overall EV mix (%) 12.3%
2035
EV mandates/ procurement
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 20.0% (5) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (37) Four-Wheeler Personal 20.0% (285) Four-Wheeler Taxi 20.0% (113) Bus (Mini) 20.0% (13) Bus (Standard) 20.0% (3) Truck (Light duty) 5.0% (31) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 5.0% (5) Overall sales target (%) 15.7% (492) Overall EV mix (%) 1.2%
2025
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 70.0% (32) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (53) Four-Wheeler Personal 30.0% (975) Four-Wheeler Taxi 40.0% (477) Bus (Mini) 50.0% (65) Bus (Standard) 50.0% (188) Truck (Light duty) 10.0% (131) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 10.0% (23) Overall sales target (%) 28.3% (1944) Overall EV mix (%) 5.3%
2030
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
EV sales target: Two-Wheeler 100.0% (89) Three-Wheeler 100.0% (58) Four-Wheeler Personal 40.0% (2064) Four-Wheeler Taxi 60.0% (1884) Bus (Mini) 70.0% (161) Bus (Standard) 70.0% (79) Truck (Light duty) 15.0% (326) Truck (Medium and Heavy duty) 15.0% (58) Overall sales target (%)35.6% (4019) Overall EV mix (%) 12.3%
2035
Green shipping program
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Use of zero emissions vessels and charging infrastructure for domestic shipping.
2030
Managing transport energy consumption
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
0
2050
Renewable energy
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Increase the use of renewable energy sources for power generation in urban and rural areas to 79% by 2030
2030
Shipping improvement - General
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Use of zero emissions vessels and charging infrastructure for domestic shipping.
2030
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Proportion of IMO and ICAO Requirements fulfilled: (%) = 100 (Baseline = 25% - 2010)
2030
Transport access improvement - General
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Island provinces will have access to shipping services not less than once per month, compared to present (2008) as few as once during the six months.
2030
Vehicle efficiency standards
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Standards and verification system operational from 2030.
2030
Transport and Climate Policy Measures
These tables list the policy measures that relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation in the transport sector that had been identified in the transport policy documents.
Active transport infrastructure expansion and improvement
Review and revise the NAPA and Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM) Strategic Plan and develop a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) to address climate change over the short, medium and long term.
Aircraft fleet renovation
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
pursue with donor and development partners upgrades to the Seghe, Taro, and Suavanao airports Provincial Airport Upgrade
x
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Maintenance of runways and all related airfield infrastructure is required, including line markings, drains, fences, terminal buildings, car parks, roads and any other assets on airport land. Wharves that exist solely to provide access to island airstrips also require maintenance under the airport maintenance budget. The Project for the Improvement of the Honiara International Airport Component I: The expansion and rehabilitation of buildings. A new international departure terminal building is to be constructed, while the existing international passenger building will be renovated to accommodate a domestic passenger terminal and an international arrival terminal. Component II: The provision of special equipment and facilities necessary for the improvement of airport operation and safety. Component III: Civil work in which the current aprons will be expanded to provide 4 international aircraft apron parking locations and 6 domestic aircraft apron parking locations. A new taxiway is also to be constructed and the existing taxiway is to be renovated, meaning that the improved airport will feature 2 taxiways. Munda Airport Phase 3 - Project to include the construction of a tower and improved terminal facilities. Honiara International Airport Upgrade Airfields proposed for work in the near future under this initiative include: Seghe Airfield (EGM) Suavanao Airfield (VAO) Choiseul Bay-Taro (CHY) Lata Airfield (SCZ) Candidate airfields for inclusion in MCA's second tier medium-term plan include: Kirakira Airfield (IRA) Ballalae Airfield (BAS) Auki-Gwaunaruu Airfield (AKS) Mono Airfield (MNY) Buala-Fera Airfield (FRE) Marau Airfield (RUS)
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Facilitate the construction and development of high flow economic airstrips, roads and bridges in the country a. 6 new airstrip included under DCCG list. MID is maintaining 38 except for Munda and Henderson Opening new airstrips in the rural areas
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Choiseul Bay-Taro (CHY) Munda Airfield (MUA) Phase 2 Suavanao Airfield (VAO) Yandina Airfield (XYA). Closed. Tinggoa Airstrip (RNL). Rennel Henderson (HIR) Apron Upgrade Auki-Gwaunaruu Airfield (AKS) Kirakira Airfield (IRA) Lata Airfield (SCZ), Santa Cruz Islands. MCA will prioritise the sequence of paving/upgrading/fencing of various provincial airstrips prior to their handover to new airports SOE. Appendix 2
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
2013 – Phase 1 Munda Airport expansion and sealing completed 2016 documentation and scoping underway for development and sealing of airport runways at Seghe, Taro and Lata 2014 – New runways partially completed (not operational) at Manaobo in Malaita and Lomlom in Temotu.
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Conduct assessment on viability of extended and new runway capacity, terminals and facilities of both provincial and international Airport.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
International Airports (Henderson and Munda) programme Provincial Airports Programme 1. Airport is free from EOD and FOD. 2. Airport infrastructure is rehabilitated and sealed 3. New Domestic Terminals Built 1. Enhanced Security Surveillance 2. Munda Terminal 3. International Airport (Munda & Honiara) Staff Houses 4. Munda Fire station 5. Civil aviation complex 6. Aircraft Navigation equipment installed at Henderson and Munda 7. Henderson and Munda Perimeters roads sealed.
x
x
Airport/ground operations improvement
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Airport Management Reform
x
x
Alternative fuels - General
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Encourage the use of alternative liquid fuels in power generation and transport through Support private sector to establish professional alternative fuel producers; Supporting primary producers that can supply raw Construct infrastructure as necessary to support new alternative fuel industry Invite private sector companies to identify markets and invest in land transport fuels and power generation capacity in addition to SIEA. Promote the use of nonfossil fuels
x
Aviation improvements - General
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Establish and implement the Quality Management System for aviation weather services to improve services to domestic and international flights and meet the certification requirements of CAASI and the International Civil Aviation Organisation. Island provinces will have access to basic infrastructures such as better shipping services, improvement in airports and airstrips facilities to ease movement of people for economic and development activities.
x
Aviation safety
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
In addition, LEDs can offer more flexibility in terms of lighting control and design, allowing airports to adjust lighting levels based on needs, enhancing visibility for pilots and ground staff.
x
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Component II: The provision of special equipment and facilities necessary for the improvement of airport operation and safety
x
Aviation traffic management
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
0
x
Battery life cycle management
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Develop guidelines covering collection, storage, transportation, re-use and recycle of used/waste batteries from EVs. - Collect 100 percent Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) from EVs through Extended Producer's Responsibility (EPR) - Clearly define battery-value for reuse in the market and create a secondary market
x
Biofuels
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Key Activity Assumptions for GHG mitigation in 2035: Operational biofuels vehicles (no.) from 0 (With Measures) to 30 (With Additional Measures).
x
Second National Communication - SLB
2017
Study on economic incentives and national strategy for the development and use of coconut oil as bio-fuel for power generation and transport
x
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Promote the use of bio-fuel for power generation and transportation. Demonstrate the use of coconut bio-fuel and ethanol for electricity generation and as a transportation fuel. Establish and regulate the biofuel standards, including training, testing and equipment
x
Budget/ identification of shipping projects
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
As of 2025, there are no systematic maritime transport projects for GHG mitigation implemented in the Solomon Islands, but the NDC Investment plan highlights five concept-stage projects within the sector, which need extensive capacity building, technology transfer & assistance, and finance support. They include transition to more fuel-efficient and electric OBMS, increased fuel efficiency for shipping vessels, renewable energy propulsion for shipping vessels, and a green ports initiative.
x
Budget/ identification of transport asset management projects
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Table 2 . In time it is proposed to develop more detailed cost estimates that accurately identify the specific maintenance needs of each airport. Table 9 Table 12
x
x
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Table 10 A nominal minimum budget has been estimated to improve all bridge crossings (>6m span) to maintainable condition over ten years, by 2026.
x
Building code requirements for EV readiness
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Revise/develop 'Building code' and 'City development code' for mandatory installation of EV charging infrastructure. Prepare guidelines on mandate for setting up EV charging infrastructure with minimum number of EV chargers installation and parking spaces allocation in new buildings and urban spaces.
x
x
Capacity building - General
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Number of trained and certified seafarers in green maritime technology: 500 in 2035. Number of vessel operators completing energy efficiency courses: 100 in 2035.
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Increasing capacity building delivered to MID and contractor staff every year, 2015 - accredited Certificate 4 training delivered to 26 Civil Works Supervisors 2015 – Two laboratory technicians completed Certificate IV Certificate Material Testing. 2015 - Two MID management staff completed MBAs and a further two engineers and a works supervisor completed Certificate IV in Project Management Practice 2015 – Various job skills (eg. Contract Management, Gender Awareness, Annual Work Planning) training sessions successfully conducted for MID and contractor staff (156 men, 49 women) 2015 – Training in pre-bid activities, road maintenance contracting and safeguards delivered to labour-based contractor personnel (314 men and 86 women)
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Measurement of fuel use and emissions of domestic shipping.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Develop robust pollution measurement and control system with annual/periodic mandatory Pollution Test and Certificate (linked to vehicle age and emissions).
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Establish a Maritime Safety Information (MSI) system within SIMSA.
x
Development of EV plan/policy
Solomon Islands. National Communication (NC). NC 3.
2024
The Ministry of Mines, Energy and Rural Electrification is supporting the Pacific Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency to develop Regional Electric Vehicle Policy and Programme for the Pacific.
x
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
the Solomon Islands Government has developed an Electric Mobility Policy and Roadmap and undertook prefeasibility testing of electric buses for Honiara
x
Development of aviation plan/policy
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Enforce the Civil Aviation Act separating policy, regulatory and service provider functions and empowering CAASI to ensure a safe aviation environment and conditions.
x
Development of biofuel plan/policy
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Assess and submit tax/financial incentives and policy options for biofuel use in power generation Assess and submit tax/financial incentives and policy options for biofuel use and LPG for transport
x
Development of climate change/ low carbon plan/ policy
Solomon Islands National Climate Change Policy 2023-2032
2023
Develop climate change legislation.
Voluntary National Review 2020 - SLB
2020
Developed a National Climate Change Policy in 2012 that provide further guidance to address climate change and new climate change bill is currently under development. The climate change policy is now under review in 2020.
Development of national development plan/ policy
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Sectoral planning is based on the National Transport Plan 2017 – 2036 and the Medium-Term Transport Action Plan 2021-2025. (Land Transport)
x
x
Development of national energy plan/ policy
Second National Communication - SLB
2017
Study to review energy use in the transport sector and development of an energy efficiency strategy including development of legislation and provision of economic incentives.
x
x
x
Development of transport adaptation/ emergency/ disaster/ recovery plan/ policy
Solomon Islands National Climate Change Policy 2023-2032
2023
Develop and facilitate the implementation of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP).
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Developing a National Adaptation Plan to address climate change over the short, medium, and long term. T
Voluntary National Review 2020 - SLB
2020
Development of the National Disaster Management Plan 2018. The government has started the National Adaptation Plan Process for medium to long term priorities for adapting to climate change
Development of transport plan/ policy
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Through the assistance of donors, the Solomon Islands Government is developing transport infrastructure plans and policies.
x
x
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Review the National Transport Plan and other MID policies to support implementation of transport related infrastructure. Develop urban and provincial centre transportation plans, ensuring simpler licensing arrangements and compliance of paying of those licensing arrangements.
Strengthen capacity of Solomon Islands Meteorological Services and National Disaster Management Office to provide appropriate field instrumentation and early warning systems with special focus on regions in the country more vulnerable to extreme events.
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Establish an end-to-end Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems for natural disasters including tropical cyclones and tsunamis.
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
SIMS Early warning Systems
EV - General
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Activity Assumptions for GHG mitigation in 2035: Introduced e-vehicles/buses from 0 (With Measures) to 40 (With Additional Measures);
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Establish single window clearance system for vehicle registration, licensing, permits, transfers (aligned with new and clear vehicle classification system4) for both Individual and Fleet ownership of EVs. Leverage existing automotive dealer network to provision EV test rides, EV experience centres (equipped with range of EVs, charging infrastructure and prototypes) and promote EVs. Revise existing vehicle classification system (adding EVs and other upcoming technologies/fuel types as separate classes) to rightly fit different types of EVs (and any other future vehicle technology). Formulate standards and guidelines for both New and Pre-owned EVs to be eligible for Govt. incentives. International standards from UNECE, ICE and others can be appropriately adopted to govern high quality imports (through pre-shipment inspection certification) and local production. Adopt relevant global safety standards for different types of EVs (new, pre-owned and retrofits), advanced EV battery technologies, charging technologies, EVs and chargers' inter-connection and their inter-operability, chargers and grid inter- connection and communication, security against theft and end consumer communications including vehicle to Load/Home/Grid standards. Mandate different Govt. departments and agencies to go for EVs procurement and/or leasing for their employees commute. This can be gradual increased to 100% in next 5 years. This can drive first demand for EVs and also make it higher visible.
x
EV charging infrastructure
TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLAN OF ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLOMON ISLANDS
2024
This initiative focuses on upgrading and optimizing charging infrastructure at ports to support electric vehicles (EVs) and vessels. It includes installing efficient charging stations, integrating renewable energy sources, and improving grid connectivity to enhance charging efficiency.
x
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Introduce electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Honiara.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Build separate EV focused lower cost electricity tariff system for public charging stations as well as commercial EV fleet stations. The tariff system to reflect time-of- day (TOD) or time-of-use (TOU) to differentially charge peak and off-peak charging times. Develop guidelines for grid and charger interconnectivity for both private and public chargers and charging stations. This to include easier new connection or existing sanctioned load revision for setting up EV charging Introduce Time of Use (TOU) tariff system for EVs connection to allow differential tariffs for EV charging based on peak and non-peak power. This to be initiated with commercial EV charging stations, but with increased smart meter integration for homes and offices, to be extended for home/work charging as well.
Encourage home and work place charging through incentivising private users to set-up smart chargers at home and work places. Encourage end-users and incentivise to adopt solar roof tops for improved electricity access. Provide preferential parking for EVs in allocated parking space. Plan for EV parking spaces with right public charging infrastructure (including payment mechanism for public charging). Adopt and strongly enforce clear EV charging standards for both AC and DC chargers across vehicle segments and location (home/work and public charging). Encourage private, public and utility companies set-up EV public charging stations and services and extend capital subsidy. Following proposed subsidy on public chargers (intra-city and inter-city): AC chargers: 50% till 2022-2025; 25% till 2026-2030; 0% from 2031 DC chargers: 75% till 2022-2025; 25% till 2026-2030; 0% from 2031 Allocate Govt. land on low cost long lease for establishment of public charging infrastructure. Support ease of land identification and leasing procedures for the same.
x
EV in public transport
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
E-bus system established in Honiara in 2035
x
x
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
the Solomon Islands Government has developed an Electric Mobility Policy and Roadmap and undertook prefeasibility testing of electric buses for Honiara
x
EV in water transport
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Activity Assumptions for GHG mitigation in 2035: e-OBMs and e-boats from 0 (With Measures) to 700 (With Additional Measures); Electricity Propulsion Vessels (no.) from 0 (With Measures) to 5 (With Additional Measures);
x
EV manufacturing
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Reduce import duties on EVs raw materials (like cells), sub-systems (EV batteries, on- board and off-board chargers, motors etc.), CKD kits for and to be reviewed every 5 years (continue till local ecosystem is developed) Allow retrofit of ICEVs to EVs following safety standards.
x
Economic instruments - General
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Define penalties and pollution cess for ICEVs (to be paid yearly/quarterly)
x
Education and behavior change - General
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Design and conduct repeat public awareness programs on EVs benefits and available support from Govt and local ecosystem, targeting fleet and individual users.
x
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Conduct awareness programmes on benefits of improved public transport system.
x
Education curriculum sensitizing about transport subsector
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Formalize agreement with SINU for Marine Course and Curriculum to include STCW certification while SIMSA provide the oral examination.
x
Emissions trading and carbon pricing
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
0
x
Solomon Islands National Climate Change Policy 2023-2032
Offer tax incentives for the use of energy efficient vehicles including LPG vehicles.
x
Environment impact assessment
TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLAN OF ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLOMON ISLANDS
2024
This action focuses on creating a detailed technical plan to optimize road infrastructure for sustainability. It includes designing road layouts that reduce environmental impact, incorporating ecofriendly materials, and implementing technologies to improve efficiency and durability.
x
Solomon Islands Maritime Development & Resilience Strategy 2024-2030
2024
Upgrade the maritime legal framework to regulate safety, energy efficiency and pollution prevention of international and domestic shipping. Pilot projects to prevent marine litter and pollution from domestic shipping.
x
SOLOMON ISLANDS MARITIME AUTHORITY CORPORATE PLAN 2024- 2027
2023
Improve capacity and systems in Solomon Islands to prevent, prepare and respond to air and marine pollution in Solomon Islands waters
x
Female economic empowerment and workforce participation
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Reserve atleast 25% seats for women trainers and learners across the awareness and upskilling activities.
x
Fuel tax
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Increase taxes on fossil fuels to discourage ICEVs. Following proposed increment in fuel taxes: - GST increase by 1% every year till 2035
x
Green aviation program
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
Minimizing weight – weight reduction in aviation is critical as it directly impacts fuel consumption. Every kilogram saved can translate into significant fuel savings over time. Digitalize the aircraft manual is one of the examples can be done by the Solomon Islands' aircraft operators to reduce their operational weight. Use of High-Power Light emitting Diode (LED) at the airports to replace the conventional lighting system – LEDs offer more energy-efficient, have a longer lifespan, and provide better illumination. It contributes to cost savings and environmental benefits due to reduced energy consumption and lower maintenance requirements.
x
Green shipping program
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Activity Assumptions for GHG mitigation in 2035: 4-Stroke OBMs from 0 (With Measures) to 6000 (With Additional Measures); e-OBMs and e-boats from 0 (With Measures) to 700 (With Additional Measures); Wind Assisted Propulsion Vessels (no.) from 0 (With Measures) to 1 (With Additional Measures); Electricity Propulsion Vessels (no.) from 0 (With Measures) to 5 (With Additional Measures); Vessels undergoing energy efficiency improvements (no.) from 0 (With Measures) to 60 (With Additional Measures);
x
Solomon Islands. National Communication (NC). NC 3.
2024
At the global level, Solomon Islands has been co-sponsoring initiatives to reduce greenhouse emissions from the shipping sector at the International Maritime Organisa-tion. Planned for a Green Voyage 2050 towards more renewable energy use in ports and ships.
x
Solomon Islands Maritime Development & Resilience Strategy 2024-2030
2024
Upgrade the maritime legal framework to regulate safety, energy efficiency and pollution prevention of international and domestic shipping. Build systems and processes to control implementation of international maritime instruments related to safety, pollution prevention and energy efficiency of international vessels. Mobilise resources for maritime development managed from a dedicated fund overseen by a governing body comprising the core partners and funding partners of the transition to safe, green and clean mobility at sea.
x
Incentives for EVs and components
Solomon Islands. National Communication (NC). NC 3.
2024
Providing tax exemption to Electric Vehicle (EV) would help in reduc-ing the upfront cost of the EV and may make it more competitive with Gasoline and Diesel cars.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Extend Govt. incentives only for pure EVs. Hybrid and FCEVs to be included post technology maturity. Extend Govt. incentives only for advanced battery chemistries including Lithium-ion based. Lead acid batteries to be discouraged. Encourage end-consumers for EVs adoption through right amount of Govt. capital subsidy on New EVs, those meeting quality and safety standards. The capital subsidy to be linked to battery size and vehicle performance and should be capped at two levels 1) Max. subsidy per EV 2) Max. number of EVs to be subsidised. This will allow certainty to government budget planning. EV subsidy: 1. E-2 Wheeler: No Subsidy 2. E-3 Wheeler: 6% from 2022-25; 6% from 2026-30; 0% from 2031 3. E-4 Wheeler Personal: 25% from 2022- 25; 11% from 2026-30; 8% from 2031- 35 4. E-4 Wheeler Taxi: 25% from 2022-25; 11% from 2026-30; 8% from 2031-35 5. E-Bus (Mini): 30% from 2022-25; 19% from 2026-30; 12% from 2031 6. E-Bus (Standard/Midi): 26% from 2022- 25; 17% from 2026-30; 11% from 2031 7. E-Truck (Light duty): 11% from 2022-25; 5% from 2026-30; 2% from 2031-35 8. E-Truck (Medium and Heavy duty): 25% from 2022-25; 15% from 2026-30; 10% from 2031 Tax reduction: 1. E-2 Wheeler: No reduction/exemption in tax 2. E-3 Wheeler: No reduction/exemption in tax 3. E-4 Wheeler Personal: from current 19.05% to 3% from 2022-30; 19.05% from 3031 onwards (Normal) 4. E-4 Wheeler Taxi: from current 19.05% to 3% from 2022-30; 19.05% from 3031 onwards (Normal) 5. E-Bus (Mini): from current 19.05% to 0% from 2022-30; 19.05% from 3031 onwards (Normal) 6. E-Bus (Standard/Midi): from current 19.05% to 0% from 2022-30; 19.05% from 3031 onwards (Normal) 7. E-Truck (Light duty): No reduction/exemption in tax 8. E-Truck (Medium and Heavy duty): from current 19.05% to 0% from 2022- 35; 19.05% from 3035 onwards (Normal) Custom duty reduction: 1. E-2 Wheeler: as of current 10% (No reduction/exemption in tax) 2. E-3 Wheeler: as of current 10% (No reduction/exemption in tax) 3. E-4 Wheeler Personal: as of current 10% (No reduction/exemption in tax) 4. E-4 Wheeler Taxi: as of current 10% (No reduction/exemption in tax) 5. E-Bus (Mini): from current 15 % to 0% from 2022-35 (Exempt) 6. E-Bus (Standard/Midi): from current 15 % to 0% from 2022-35 (Exempt) 7. E-Truck (Light duty): as of current 15% (No reduction/exemption in tax) 8. E-Truck (Medium and Heavy duty): from current 15 % to 0% from 2022-35 (Exempt) Exempt registration fees on New and Pre- owned EVs from 2022-35 to support initial market development and stimulate adoption. It can be resumed same as ICEVs from 2035 onwards after number of EV's are at par with ICE. Exempt the repeat taxes including registration renewal and licensing on New and Pre-owned EVs from 2022-35 to support initial market development. Extend Pre-owned EV benefits also to ICEV retrofitted EVs from year 2022 (Provided that; retrofitted EVs comply with the EV standards) Allow accelerated depreciation and/or tax holidays on investment in New EVs Extending/Bundling right fiscal incentives for solar rooftops and EV charging for residential and commercial users. Get additional incentive on EV purchase when ICEV scrapped Adopt Extended Producers Responsibility (EPR) by mandating OEMs to set-up collection centres and recycling facilities.
x
Infrastructure improvements - General
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Transport Sector Development Programme
x
x
x
Investment required for specific projects
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Table 2 Table 9 Table 10
x
x
x
Investment volume for transport
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Table 15
x
x
x
Maritime Safety
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Create a safer maritime environment for the transport of people and goods and economic development through trade and tourism; identify priority maritime areas within Solomon Islands waters where there are significant, heightened and moderate risks to maritime transport.
x
National speed law
Traffic Act 1996
1996
A highway authority may, with the approval of the Minister, by order prescribe speed limits for any area or road in respect of which it is the highway authority:
Provided that where the highway authority is not the local authority having jurisdiction over the area concerned, it shall consult such local authority.
x
Passenger and freight load limits
Traffic Act 1996
1996
No vehicle shall be used on a road with a load greater than the load specified by the manufacturer of the chassis of the vehicle or than the load capacity determined by an inspector under this Act.
x
Port electrification
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
On-shore renewable power supply capacity at ports (MWp) : 0.44
x
TECHNOLOGY ACTION PLAN OF ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLOMON ISLANDS
2024
Offering incentives for ports to adopt electric charging facilities.
x
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Use of zero emissions vessels and charging infrastructure for domestic shipping.
x
Promotion of local manufacturing, services, and contracting in transport
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Assembly of EVs to be encouraged for EV segments as it generates employment. Encourage local assembly and of EVs, sub- system and components (at least for light duty vehicles such as 2w, 3w, 4w and their sub-systems) through attractive fiscal incentives to the industry in form of land/ electricity/ capital subsidy/ interest subsidy/tax subsidy etc. This to also include mining industry for raw materials use in EVs.
x
Public transport improvement - General
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Solomon Islands Bus Hut Programme Phase 1
x
Solomon Islands National Energy Policy 2014
2014
Encourage the use of public transport. Monitor standard of public transport.
x
Public transport safety
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
improve safety of public transportation modalities such as bus services, inter-village pickup transport, scheduled motorized canoe services and canoe based water-taxi services.
x
x
Reference to domestic financing mechanisms
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Strengthening of National Transport Fund (NTF) and other fund sources to secure continued funding for MID transport projects
x
x
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
The National Transport Fund (NTF) was established in 2009, prior to publication of the NTP 2011.
x
x
x
Reference to international financial support
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
0
x
Relocation from climate-risk areas
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Develop a community/human relocation guidelines and assessment tools, build capacity and implement relocation of communities as an adaptation action where and when necessary
Develop a community/human relocation guidelines and assessment tools, build capacity and implement relocation of communities as an adaptation action where and when necessa
Second National Communication - SLB
2017
re-location of communities and infrastructure,
x
x
x
Renewable energy
Solomon Islands. National Communication (NC). NC 3.
2024
Planned for a Green Voyage 2050 towards more renewable energy use in ports and ships.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Encourage expansion of grid infrastructure for reliable EV charging in urban and rural with right mix of grid, off-grid and smart- renewable integration. Target 100% connections and 24x7 power for all.
x
x
Reporting, transparency, feedback mechanism
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Reporting on monthly progress, both at the PS and HoD level, has been directly linked to the Corporate Planning targets. At the staff level, all MID job descriptions have been updated to reflect what is current and needed at MID as stated in its Corporate Plan. The IAWP is linked to the outputs or targets at AWP.
x
x
x
Research in transport sector
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Encourage Technical Universities/ Institutes to develop degree and vocational courses in EVs and broader e-Mobility. Raise National EV Skills Council to focus on EV/automotive skills development and certification across different roles in EV value chain, in close association with Industry and Academia. Facilitate EVs Training infrastructure through grant money and grow Regional Training Centres.
Extend R&D grants and facilitate top National Academic Institutes to build Centre of Excellence (COE) driving research and development on various aspects of EVs and broader e-Mobility and low carbon transportation and energy. Integrate close industry participation for commercial R&D, patents, start-ups incubation and scalable deployments. Leverage International connects and expertise to establish training, R&D Centres for knowledge building in Solomon Island. Establish one Govt. linked e-Mobility Accelerator which can actively coordinate academia and industry research with focus on training needs assessment in country, running pilots, developing different use cases viability and their scale-up. It will also facilitate fund raising from various Development agencies and coordinate between different Govt. departments (Leverage International connects and Expertise).
Provide capital subsidy and other support (land, electricity, others) for setting up vehicle scrappage and battery re- use/recycling facilities. Allow additional fiscal incentives to industry for R&D investments in EVs, and also investments in local EV start-ups.
Upgrading of west Guadalcanal roads from White River to Lambi North and South Malaita Roads Upgrading of roads in Malaita, Auki Town, South Road, North Road, and East Road West New Georgia Road NTCI Aola-Marau Road NTCI South New Georgia Road - NTCI Honiara Highway Inner Bypass, East-West Link Bypass Road (Fijian Quarter-Hibiscus Avenue) Bridge Improvement Program Bina Harbor Port - NTCI
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Continue to maintain and improve all roads and feeder roads in all constituencies through- out the country- a. MID maintains 85% of 1,491.2km roads (1,306.5km unsealed/ 184.7km sealed) b. Annually with a budget of $30m+. c. New roads (156km) budget around $26m to be constructed d. Maintain 2038 water crossing-382 bridges and 1656 culverts e. Additional under DCCG 23 roads and bridges projects f. Average 50 new awards each year. Average contract duration 3 years minimum..
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Choiseul Bay Connectivity Rd Gatokae Ring Road Tatamba Bay Roads Tatamba to Tausese/Haevo Road East Guadalcanal Bridges South Malaita Bridges Phase 3 E Makira Roads Warahito-Namuga Nendo NE Rd Bridge Improvement Program An inner bypass road is proposed to provide an alternative east-west route to Mendana Avenue. Acquisition of registered land will be required. The project is recommended for completion prior to South Pacific Games 2023. Appendix 2
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
2011 - rehabilitation/re-opening of 90km of roads in Malaita, commencement of first four labour based maintenance contracts and commencement of four major new bridges on the Malaita South Road.
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Expand road networks to connect inland communities to coastal roads and maritime networks and to provide access to agricultural land and for rural communities.
x
Road surfacing
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Seal Extensions – Approximately 10km of new road sealing has been planned each year, in accordance with STIIP objectives and DLIs.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
2. Tar sealing and construction of selected airfields
x
x
Road use rules and regulations for safety - General
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Review and renew the Road Act to clearly allocate responsibilities for use and management of roads. Introduce and reinforce road and traffic rules and regulations through various law and transport enforcement agencies. Re-inforce Traffic Act 2009 to enforce vehicle road worthiness regulations..
x
Routine transport asset maintenance
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
All government airfields that are currently operational in the Solomon Islands are to be maintained through programs of routine and periodic maintenance.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Provincial main and town roads are under regular maintenance
x
Rural transport services
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
improve safety of public transportation modalities such as bus services, inter-village pickup transport, scheduled motorized canoe services and canoe based water-taxi services.
x
x
Shipping efficiency improvements
Solomon Islands Maritime Development & Resilience Strategy 2024-2030
2024
Build systems and processes to control implementation of international maritime instruments related to safety, pollution prevention and energy efficiency of international vessels.
provide regular and reliable shipping services to government maritime zones, enhancing trade and transportation to outer islands (the construction of rural jetties and wharves is important); broadly support shipping industries and maritime services.
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Manage the Franchise Shipping Scheme (FSS) to ensure shipping services cover non-economical routes Conduct ship inspections at random ad hoc
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Encourage improvements in the condition and management of vessels through appropriate special funding, empowering SIMSA to more rigorously enforce regulations, and provision of training in small business management, planning and finance for shipping operators. Maintain navigational aids in good condition to international standards and promote awareness of safety requirements in all types of shipping including small boats.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Shipping Initiatives Programme Domestic Maritime Support Project Franchise shipping scheme established and operational Increase in No. of Vessels servicing the provinces of Solomon Islands
provide regular and reliable shipping services to government maritime zones, enhancing trade and transportation to outer islands (the construction of rural jetties and wharves is important); Noro Domestic Jetties Honiara Domestic Jetties Seghe Port under NTCI Phase 1 New Wharves Improvement Program
x
x
Medium Term Transport Action Plan 2019-2023
2018
Table 12 ADB are also undertaking design for numerous wharf projects which are scheduled for construction in 2019 and beyond. The following wharves are proposed to be delivered: Honiara International Port Upgrade Noro International Port Rehabilitation and Extension Kirakira Wharf, Makira Buala Wharf, Isabel Waisisi, Malaita Moli, Choiseul Viru Harbour, New Georgia, Western Ahanga Ramp, Bellona STIIP has completed designs and plans to commence construction of the following wharves in the period 2019 to 2021: Kirakira Ramp, Makira Tulagi Public Wharf, Central Malu'u Public Wharf, Malaita STIIP is yet to design the following wharves and so plans to commence construction of the following wharves in the period 2020 to 2022: Lata Wharf, Nendo, Temotu Tarekukure, Choiseul Zinoa, Choiseul New DCC Wharves: Ugi Wharf, Makira and Dovele Wharf, Vella La Vella, Western. Both have been designed and contracts awarded. It is proposed to construct these wharves in 2019.
x
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Construct International seaport terminal facilities to allow safe embarkation and more welcoming berth for tourist cruise. a. MID maintains 33 wharves with annual budget of over $20k. Capex for new wharves $26m. DCCG list 6 new.
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Tarekukure Ghizo Main Wharf Buala Wharf Tulagi Public Wharf Ahangha Ramp, Bellona Aola Wharf Marau Kirakira Port Development Lata New Maritime Navigational Aids Domestic container sea freight infrastructure requirements should be investigated and new domestic and international sea ports are proposed (eg. Kirakira/Makira, Wairokai/Malaita, Lata/Temotu). Appendix 2
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
2016 – 29 community wharves under maintenance contracts
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Conduct surveys to maintain current information on potential wharf and anchorage traffic as the basis of long term wharf construction and rehabilitation programmes.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Improvement of Honiara Port Facilities Wharves construction
x
x
Solar energy
Voluntary National Review Report - SLB
2024
The work includes a 950m by 30m sealed runway with a taxiway and apron, as well as the installation of a solar-powered lighting system to ensure reliable and safe aircraft landings.
x
Stakeholder involvement - General
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Direct banks to include EV financing into their priority sector lending portfolio.
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Continue meaningful consultations with key stakeholders particularly the public, contractors, landowners, private sector and elected leaders for maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of new transport infrastructure in Honiara and the provinces.
x
x
x
x
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF)
Solomon Islands Action Plan to Reduce CO2 Emissions from International Aviation
2023
Solomon Islands is in the course to support the development and deployment of the sustainable
aviation fuels (SAF). However, due to limited resources, Solomon Islands would take a first step
in promoting capacity building for its personnel and related industry to gain more knowledge on
sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) development process and requirement – joining ICAO assistance,
capacity-building, and assistance on SAF (ACT-SAF)
x
Taxi - General
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
improve safety of public transportation modalities such as bus services, inter-village pickup transport, scheduled motorized canoe services and canoe based water-taxi services.
x
x
Technology and knowledge transfer
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Extend R&D grants and facilitate top National Academic Institutes to build Centre of Excellence (COE) driving research and development on various aspects of EVs and broader e-Mobility and low carbon transportation and energy. Integrate close industry participation for commercial R&D, patents, start-ups incubation and scalable deployments. Leverage International connects and expertise to establish training, R&D Centres for knowledge building in Solomon Island. Establish one Govt. linked e-Mobility Accelerator which can actively coordinate academia and industry research with focus on training needs assessment in country, running pilots, developing different use cases viability and their scale-up. It will also facilitate fund raising from various Development agencies and coordinate between different Govt. departments (Leverage International connects and Expertise).
x
Transport Laws and Regulations- General
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Amendments to obsolete legislations and regulations. a. Roads Act (c.129) and Traffic Act (c.131) b. SIMSA Act 2009 c. Shipping Act (c.162) and The Shipping Act (No.5 of 1998) New Bills, regulations and policies for drafting, consultation and passage in Parliament for the next 5 years 2016-2020 a. Infrastructure Management Bill (IMB) inclusive of buildings, roads, bridges, airstrips and aids to navigation and related regulations for each specialized field. b. New SIMSA Act as Regulatory Body and not administrator c. New Shipping Act (201x) and related regulations Draft the following: a. New Maritime Safety Authority Act 2016 (including Board and Financial Control) b. New Shipping Act 2016 c. Related Regulations and guiding policies
x
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Review and renew the Road Act to clearly allocate responsibilities for use and management of roads. Introduce and reinforce road and traffic rules and regulations through various law and transport enforcement agencies. Re-inforce Traffic Act 2009 to enforce vehicle road worthiness regulations..
x
Transport access improvement - General
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Island provinces will have access to shipping services not less than once per month, compared to present (2008) as few as once during the six months. Baseline 25% (2010) Target: 2015 (50%) 2030 (100%)
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Expand road networks to connect inland communities to coastal roads and maritime networks and to provide access to agricultural land and for rural communities. By 2020, at least 30% of Solomon Islanders in rural areas have access to essential services as a direct result of rehabilitated roads, bridges and wharves
x
Transport asset condition assessment
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Use SITAMS for planning purposes and developing of policies. Include other assets such as Navaids, buildings and vehicles plus new infrastructure. Use SITAMS for baseline indicators and targets.
Maintenance of runways and all related airfield infrastructure is required, including line markings, drains, fences, terminal buildings, car parks, roads and any other assets on airport land. Wharves that exist solely to provide access to island airstrips also require maintenance under the airport maintenance budget. Malaita Road Improvement and Maintenance Program - Component B of the World Bank's Solomon Islands Road and Aviation Project (SIRAP) National Bridge Improvement Program East Guadalcanal Bridges
x
x
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Continue to maintain and improve all roads and feeder roads in all constituencies through- out the country- a. MID maintains 85% of 1,491.2km roads (1,306.5km unsealed/ 184.7km sealed) b. Annually with a budget of $30m+. c. New roads (156km) budget around $26m to be constructed d. Maintain 2038 water crossing-382 bridges and 1656 culverts e. Additional under DCCG 23 roads and bridges projects f. Average 50 new awards each year. Average contract duration 3 years minimum.. Maintain at least 65% annually (943 km) of 1,450 km total road network Rehabilitation of priority transport infrastructure based on available annual budget
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
Honiara EW LinkInner Bypass Ghizo Island Roads Tulagi Rd Rehab Tiggoa to Lake Tengano rehab The section of East Guadalcanal highway from Mberande to Aola (28km) is to be upgraded to all weather sealed standard with high-level bridges across major rivers. The project will enable eastwards expansion of palm oil plantations and foster economic growth.
x
x
Solomon Islands National Transport Plan 2017-2036
2016
2016 – mobilisation of contractor to implement Naro-Lambi Road Rehabilitation (16km), the highest priority road project in NTP 2011 By mid-2016 a total of 133 NTF-funded civil works contracts were ongoing, including maintenance of 699km of road and rehabilitation of a further 34km. Of these, 104 contracts were for labour based maintenance of 604km of roads. 2016 – 12 additional roads receiving maintenance and rehabilitation under SIGfunded contracts
x
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Ensure maintenance and rehabilitation of existing roads is effectively carried out; conduct studies on how to improve maintenance and upgrading of the existing road network including roads constructed by the private sector such as logging and mining roads. The proportion of the road network in maintainable condition is increased to 85% by 2015 and towards 90% by 2020.
x
Medium Term Development Plan 2016-2020
2015
Upgrading of Kukum Highway Honiara Highway in adequate (at least 3 km in fair) condition increases from 25% to 60%.Also 2 major bridges in Honiara are upgraded 1.Main road and other feeders rehabilitation (including bridges) 2. Provincial main and town roads are under regular maintenance 3. Honiara feeder roads rehabilitated and improved 4. Selected wharves and airfields rehabilitation 1. Rehabilitation of selected important access roads
x
x
x
x
Transport asset management information system
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
MID to expand its asset management system established at CPIU (called SITAMS) to the other four MID departments ABMSD, MWSD, SIMSA and CSSD. This is to keep an updated registration or database of public assets such as buildings and structures, vehicles, roads and bridges, wharves and aids to navigation and airstrips. In addition, a tracking system or database will also be accessed through the Police database or other relevant government agency by MWSD for public and private vehicles and drivers. These records once updated and contained all relevant information and data will be useful for policy making and enforcement.
x
x
x
Transport finance - General
Smooth Transition Strategy to Support Graduation from Least Developed Country Status
2025
Foster climate resilient investments in infrastructure and transportation (land, sea and air).
x
x
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Provide capital subsidy and other support (land, electricity, others) for setting up vehicle scrappage and battery re- use/recycling facilities. Allow additional fiscal incentives to industry for R&D investments in EVs, and also investments in local EV start-ups.
It is proposed to improve the management, operation and maintenance of airports in Solomon Islands via a proposed SOE known as the Solomon Islands Airport Corporation Limited (SIACL). This is currently scheduled for September 2018.
x
Vehicle air pollution emission standards
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Develop pollution control standards and guidelines and Implementation framework ensuring robust quality check mechanism; with clear distinctions in National and Local level actionable and responsibilities. Adopt and enforce stricter vehicle emission standards (leap to next generation vehicles with improved quality) for all ICEVs in the country, including: - Import/Local vehicles (New): comply with new Euro VI standards - Import/Local vehicles (pre-owned): comply with min. Euro IV standards - Import/Local vehicles (running-on-road): 1) If age > 10 years: annual pollution certification mandatory to comply with their built respective Euro II/ Euro III/ Euro IV standards 2) If age > 15 years: Scrappage incentive or higher annual pollution cess Adopt and strongly enforce stricter fossil fuel standards (for petrol, diesel, gas) complying with defined vehicle emission standards (Ex: Euro VI fuel standards for Euro VI vehicle standards)
x
Vehicle efficiency standards
Solomon Islands National Climate Change Policy 2023-2032
2023
Improving operational and energy efficiency in the transport sector to reduce emissions and phase down fossil fuels.
x
Vehicle improvement - General
Solomon Islands NDC 3.0
2025
Activity Assumptions for GHG mitigation in 2035: Vehicles switched to more efficient ICE technology from 0 (With Measures) to 7500 (With Additional Measures);
x
Vehicle inspection and maintenance
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Develop robust pollution measurement and control system with annual/periodic mandatory Pollution Test and Certificate (linked to vehicle age and emissions).
x
Ministry of Infrastructure Development Corporate Plan
2016
Build modern vehicle inspection facility with appropriate technology and software (identification device) for inspection and servicing of vehicles. Conduct vehicle inspections for all vehicles intending to use public roads. Once every 12 months for private and every 3 months for public vehicles.
x
Vehicle restrictions (import, age, access, sale, taxation)
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Introduce standards system for second-hand vehicle imports and tax on inefficient vehicles.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Increase GST and Custom Duty on ICEVs. Increase in Custom Duty on ICEVs; i) 2 Wheeler, 3 Wheler, 4 Wheeler (Personal and Taxi): from current 10% to 12% for 2022-2025; 14% for 2026-2030; 16% for 2031-2035 ii) Bus (mini/midi/standard) and Truck (light/medium/heavy duty): from current 15% to 17% for 2022-2025; 19% for 2026- 2030; 21% for 2031-2035
x
Vehicle roadworthiness laws and regulations
National Development Strategy 2016 - 2035
2016
Review and renew the Road Act to clearly allocate responsibilities for use and management of roads. Introduce and reinforce road and traffic rules and regulations through various law and transport enforcement agencies. Re-inforce Traffic Act 2009 to enforce vehicle road worthiness regulations..
x
Vehicle scrappage scheme
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Adopt and enforce stricter vehicle emission standards (leap to next generation vehicles with improved quality) for all ICEVs in the country, including: - Import/Local vehicles (New): comply with new Euro VI standards - Import/Local vehicles (pre-owned): comply with min. Euro IV standards - Import/Local vehicles (running-on-road): 1) If age > 10 years: annual pollution certification mandatory to comply with their built respective Euro II/ Euro III/ Euro IV standards 2) If age > 15 years: Scrappage incentive or higher annual pollution cess Define guidelines for Vehicle Scrappage. Commercial vehicles: Scrap after 15 years of life, if do not pass fitness and emission tests. Additional green tax for vehicles greater than 15 years life. Passenger vehicles: Scrap after 20 years of life, if do not pass fitness and emission tests. Introducing green tax for vehicles greater than 20 years life OR Increase vehicle registrations charges.
x
Vehicle taxes
The Solomon Islands Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS)
2023
Introduce standards system for second-hand vehicle imports and tax on inefficient vehicles.
x
Policy Roadmap for E-mobility in the Solomon Islands
2022
Increase GST and Custom Duty on ICEVs. Increase in GST on ICEVs from current 19.05% to 21.05% for 2022-2025; 22.05% for 2026-2030; 23.05% for 2031-2035
x
Vessel scrappage and retrofit
Solomon Islands. National Communication (NC). NC 3.
2024
Most of the ships are privately owned after the Government disbanded its shipping fleet more than 20 years ago.
x
Disclaimer
The Asian Transport Observatory (ATO) project collects, collates, and organizes data from publicly available official, as well as reputable and peer-reviewed secondary sources, which may contain incomplete or inconsistent data. It is important to note that the ATO does not generate data. Changes in the methodologies used in the sources, and changes in the values due to such changes may not necessarily be highlighted in this specific document. Moreover, while the ATO carries out quality control and assurance of whether the data are truthfully reflected in the ATO, the ATO does not make any warranties or representations as to the appropriateness, quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data in the ATO databases, and in the knowledge products that are produced from such. Users are encouraged to scrutinize, verify, interpret, and judge the data before utilizing them. For the profiles, please note that we utilize the 3-letter codes from ISO due to the global nature of some of the figures. All insights are grounded in ATO national, urban, and policy databases. To ensure professional excellence, human-generated texts undergo AI-assisted refinement for grammar and clarity. Editorial judgment and content responsibility remain fully with the ATO, and AI is not used for autonomous content generation.
Koks, E., Rozenberg, J., Tariverdi, M., Dickens, B., Fox, C., Ginkel, K. van, & Hallegatte, S. (2023). A global assessment of national road network vulnerability. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 3(2), 025008. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/acd1aa
Liu, K., Wang, Q., Wang, M., & Koks, E. E. (2023). Global transportation infrastructure exposure to the change of precipitation in a warmer world. Nature Communications, 14(1), 2541. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38203-3
Noll, B., Schmidt, T. S., & Egli, F. (2026). The electric vehicle transition and vanishing fuel tax revenues. Nature Sustainability, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01721-7
Wiedenhofer, D., Baumgart, A., Matej, S., Virág, D., Kalt, G., Lanau, M., Tingley, D. D., Liu, Z., Guo, J., Tanikawa, H., & Haberl, H. (2024). Mapping and modelling global mobility infrastructure stocks, material flows and their embodied greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 139742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139742
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